Division of Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Aug 1;172(8):732-740. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1273.
Physical activity in youth is associated with adult health. Understanding the prevalence and factors of moderate to vigorous physical activity among adolescents and young adults will guide public health and policy efforts.
To describe the current patterns of physical activity and duration among adolescents and young adults and to identify the direction and magnitude of associations between physical activity and income, race/ethnicity, and sex.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional secondary data analysis used the self-reported physical activity data of adolescents and young adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 through 2016. This data set is a multistage probability sample of the noninstitutionalized US population and allows estimates that represent the US population. The years 2007 through 2016 were selected because of the consistent physical activity questions during this period. Adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years who responded to the survey were included. Individuals who were underweight were excluded. Data analysis was performed from October 17, 2017, to April 27, 2018.
Self-reported physical activity duration and intensity.
Of the 9472 participants, 4771 (50.4%) were males, and the weighted mean age (range) was 20.6 (12-19) years. Across all demographic categories, females reported less physical activity than did their male counterparts. White adolescent males were most likely (89.3%; 95% CI, 86.5%-92.1%) and black females aged 18 to 24 years were least likely (45%; 95% CI, 39.0%-51.0%) to report any physical activity. Among those who were active, black males aged 18 to 24 years reported the longest duration of activity (77.9 minutes per day; 95% CI, 66.4-89.3 minutes per day), and black females aged 25 to 29 years reported the shortest duration of activity (33.2 minutes per day; 95% CI, 28.1-38.2 minutes per day). In adjusted models, younger age, white race, and higher income were associated with greater physical activity.
Female adolescents and young adults were not meeting the recommended guidelines for physical activity, and substantial disparities by race and income levels were noted. These data highlight opportunities for targeted physical activity programming and policy efforts.
青少年时期的身体活动与成人健康有关。了解青少年和年轻人进行适度至剧烈身体活动的流行率和相关因素，将为公共卫生和政策工作提供指导。
描述青少年和年轻人目前的身体活动模式和持续时间，并确定身体活动与收入、种族/民族和性别的关联方向和程度。
设计、设置和参与者：这是一项横断面二次数据分析，使用了 2007 年至 2016 年全国健康和营养检查调查中青少年和年轻人的自我报告身体活动数据。该数据集是美国非机构化人群的多阶段概率样本，允许对美国人群进行估计。选择 2007 年至 2016 年是因为在此期间有一致的身体活动问题。包括了回答调查的 12 至 29 岁的青少年和年轻人。排除了体重不足的人。数据分析于 2017 年 10 月 17 日至 2018 年 4 月 27 日进行。
自我报告的身体活动持续时间和强度。
在 9472 名参与者中，4771 名（50.4%）为男性，加权平均年龄（范围）为 20.6（12-19）岁。在所有人口统计学类别中，女性的身体活动量都少于男性。白人青少年男性最有可能（89.3%；95%置信区间，86.5%-92.1%），而 18 至 24 岁的黑人女性最不可能（45%；95%置信区间，39.0%-51.0%）报告任何身体活动。在活跃的人群中，18 至 24 岁的黑人男性报告的活动持续时间最长（77.9 分钟/天；95%置信区间，66.4-89.3 分钟/天），而 25 至 29 岁的黑人女性报告的活动持续时间最短（33.2 分钟/天；95%置信区间，28.1-38.2 分钟/天）。在调整后的模型中，年龄较小、白种人以及较高的收入与更多的身体活动有关。
女性青少年和年轻人没有达到身体活动的推荐指南，而且注意到了显著的种族和收入水平差异。这些数据突出了有针对性的身体活动规划和政策工作的机会。
