Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 11;23(24):15727. doi: 10.3390/ijms232415727.
A biophysical model for calculating the effective parameters of low-frequency magnetic fields was developed by Lednev based on summarized empirical data. According to this model, calcium ions as enzyme cofactors can be the primary target of low-frequency magnetic fields with different parameters tuned to calcium resonance. However, the effects of calcium-resonant combinations of static and alternating magnetic fields that correspond to Lednev's model and differ by order in frequency and intensity were not studied. It does not allow for confidently discussing the primary targets of low-frequency magnetic fields in terms of the magnetic influence on ions-enzyme cofactors. To clarify this issue, we examined the response of freshwater crustaceans to the impact of combinations of magnetic fields targeted to calcium ions in enzymes according to Lednev's model that differ in order of magnitude. Life-history traits and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Exposure of daphnids to both combinations of magnetic fields led to a long-term delay of the first brood release, an increase in the brood size, a decrease in the number of broods, and the period between broods. The amylolytic activity, proteolytic activity, and sucrase activity significantly decreased in whole-body homogenates of crustaceans in response to both combinations of magnetic fields. The similarity in the sets of revealed effects assumes that different magnetic fields tuned to calcium ions in biomolecules can affect the same primary molecular target. The results suggest that the low-frequency magnetic fields with parameters corresponding to Lednev's model of interaction between biological molecules and ions can remain effective with a significant decrease in the static magnetic background.
列德涅夫基于总结的经验数据开发了一种用于计算低频磁场有效参数的生物物理模型。根据该模型,作为酶辅助因子的钙离子可以成为低频磁场的主要靶标,而不同参数的低频磁场可以调谐到钙离子共振。然而,列德涅夫模型所对应的、频率和强度顺序不同的静态和交变磁场的钙共振组合的影响尚未得到研究。这使得我们无法有把握地根据磁场对离子-酶辅助因子的影响来讨论低频磁场的主要靶标。为了澄清这个问题,我们根据列德涅夫的模型,研究了针对酶中钙离子的磁场组合对淡水甲壳类动物的影响,这些磁场组合在数量级上有所不同。评估了甲壳类动物的生活史特征和生化参数。暴露于两种磁场组合下的水蚤都会导致首次产卵的长期延迟、产卵量增加、产卵次数减少以及产卵间隔延长。在甲壳类动物的整体匀浆中,淀粉酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶活性对两种磁场组合的反应均显著降低。所揭示的效应的相似性表明,调谐到生物分子中钙离子的不同磁场可以影响相同的主要分子靶标。这些结果表明,与列德涅夫模型所假设的生物分子与离子相互作用的参数对应的低频磁场在静态磁场背景显著降低的情况下仍能保持有效。