Ghitti Elisa, Rolli Eleonora, Crotti Elena, Borin Sara
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 15;10(12):2479. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122479.
Flavonoids are a broad class of secondary metabolites with multifaceted functionalities for plant homeostasis and are involved in facing both biotic and abiotic stresses to sustain plant growth and health. Furthermore, they were discovered as mediators of plant networking with the surrounding environment, showing a surprising ability to perform as signaling compounds for a multitrophic inter-kingdom level of communication that influences the plant host at the phytobiome scale. Flavonoids orchestrate plant-neighboring plant allelopathic interactions, recruit beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, counteract pathogen outbreak, influence soil microbiome and affect plant physiology to improve its resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. This review focuses on the diversified spectrum of flavonoid functions in plants under a variety of stresses in the modulation of plant morphogenesis in response to environmental clues, as well as their role as inter-kingdom signaling molecules with micro- and macroorganisms. Regarding the latter, the review addresses flavonoids as key phytochemicals in the human diet, considering their abundance in fruits and edible plants. Recent evidence highlights their role as nutraceuticals, probiotics and as promising new drugs for the treatment of several pathologies.
黄酮类化合物是一类广泛的次生代谢产物，对植物体内平衡具有多方面的功能，参与应对生物和非生物胁迫，以维持植物的生长和健康。此外，它们被发现是植物与周围环境建立联系的介质，表现出惊人的能力，可作为信号化合物在多营养跨王国水平的交流中发挥作用，这种交流在植物微生物群落尺度上影响植物宿主。黄酮类化合物协调植物与相邻植物的化感相互作用，招募有益细菌和菌根真菌，对抗病原体爆发，影响土壤微生物群落，并影响植物生理，以提高其对波动环境条件的适应能力。本综述重点关注在各种胁迫下，黄酮类化合物在植物中功能的多样性，其在响应环境线索调节植物形态发生中的作用，以及它们作为与微生物和大型生物的跨王国信号分子的作用。关于后者，本综述将黄酮类化合物视为人类饮食中的关键植物化学物质，考虑到它们在水果和可食用植物中的丰富含量。最近的证据突出了它们作为营养保健品、益生菌以及治疗多种疾病的有前景新药的作用。
