Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 19;27(24):9065. doi: 10.3390/molecules27249065.
L. is a highly consumed garden crop rich in biologically active phenolic and organosulfur compounds. This study aimed to assess the bioaccessibility and anti-inflammatory effect of a chemically characterized extract rich in quercetin and its derivatives. Different varieties of were studied; based on the highest total phenolic content, the "Golden" variety was selected. Its extracts, obtained from the tunicate bulb, tunic, and bulb, were subjected to determination of quercetin and its derivatives with LC-MS analysis and based on the highest total quercetin content, the tunic extract was utilized for further experiments. The extraction method was optimized through a design of experiment (DoE) method via full factorial design, which showed that 40% ethanol and 1 g tunic/20 mL solvent are the best extraction conditions. HPLC analysis of the optimized tunic extract identified 14 flavonols, including 10 quercetin derivatives. As far as bioaccessibility was concerned, the increases in some quercetin derivatives following the gastro-duodenal digestion process support the bioaccessibility of these bioactive compounds. Moreover, the extract significantly inhibited the production of PGE2 in stimulated J774 cell lines, while no effects of the tunic extract were observed against the release of IL-1β, TNF-α, and nitrites. The study provided insights into the optimized extraction conditions to obtain an tunic extract rich in bioavailable quercetin derivatives with significant anti-inflammatory effects against PGE2.
百合是一种深受人们喜爱的园艺作物，富含具有生物活性的酚类和有机硫化合物。本研究旨在评估一种富含槲皮素及其衍生物的化学特征提取物的生物利用度和抗炎作用。研究了不同品种的百合；基于总酚含量最高，选择了“金百合”品种。从其被囊、外套膜和鳞茎中提取的提取物，采用 LC-MS 分析方法测定了槲皮素及其衍生物的含量，基于总槲皮素含量最高，选择了被囊提取物进行进一步的实验。通过全因子设计实验（DoE）方法对提取方法进行了优化，结果表明，40%乙醇和 1 g 被囊/20 mL 溶剂是最佳的提取条件。通过优化后的被囊提取物的 HPLC 分析鉴定出 14 种类黄酮，其中包括 10 种槲皮素衍生物。就生物利用度而言，一些槲皮素衍生物在胃肠消化过程中的增加支持了这些生物活性化合物的生物利用度。此外，该提取物显著抑制了刺激的 J774 细胞系中 PGE2 的产生，而被囊提取物对 IL-1β、TNF-α 和亚硝酸盐的释放没有影响。该研究为获得富含生物利用度的槲皮素衍生物的百合被囊提取物提供了优化的提取条件，并具有显著的抗炎作用，可抑制 PGE2 的产生。
