Delatorre Fabíola Martins, Cupertino Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck, Oliveira Michel Picanço, da Silva Gomes Felipe, Profeti Luciene Paula Roberto, Profeti Demetrius, Júnior Mário Guimarães, de Azevedo Márcia Giardinieri, Saloni Daniel, Júnior Ananias Francisco Dias
Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Center, Federal University Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, Espiríto Santo, Brazil.
Department of Eletromechanical, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Araxá 38180-510, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Dec 16;14(24):5525. doi: 10.3390/polym14245525.
Most composites produced come from fossil fuel sources. Renewable strategies are needed for the production of composites. Charcoal fines are considered waste and an alternative for the production of biocomposites. The charcoal fines resulting from the pyrolysis of any biomass are an efficient alternative for the production of green composites. Studies to understand how the pyrolysis parameters influence the properties of this material for the production of biocomposites are necessary. Charcoal has a high carbon content and surface area, depending on final production temperatures. This study aims to evaluate charcoal fines as potential reinforcing agents in biocomposites. This study investigated for the first time charcoal fines from three pyrolysis temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) to identify the most suitable charcoal for use as a raw material in the production of carbon biocomposites with 30% by weight incorporated into a polyester matrix composite. Apparent density, porosity, morphology, and immediate chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of charcoal fines were evaluated. The charcoal fines produced at 800 °C showed interesting potential as polymeric matrix fillers due to their higher porosity (81.08%), fixed carbon content (96.77%), and hydrophobicity. The biocomposites were analyzed for flexural and tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed an improvement in resistance at elevated temperatures, especially at 800 °C, with higher breaking strength (84.11 MPa), modulus of elasticity (4064.70 MPa), and traction (23.53 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy revealed an improvement in morphology, with a decrease in roughness at 800 °C, which caused greater adhesion to the polyester matrix. These results revealed a promising new biocomposite compared to other natural lignocellulosic polymeric composites (NLFs) in engineering applications.
大多数生产的复合材料来自化石燃料来源。复合材料的生产需要可再生策略。木炭细粉被视为废物，也是生产生物复合材料的一种替代品。任何生物质热解产生的木炭细粉都是生产绿色复合材料的有效替代品。有必要开展研究以了解热解参数如何影响这种用于生产生物复合材料的材料的性能。木炭具有高碳含量和表面积，这取决于最终生产温度。本研究旨在评估木炭细粉作为生物复合材料中潜在增强剂的性能。本研究首次对来自三个热解温度（400、600和800°C）的木炭细粉进行了研究，以确定最适合用作生产碳生物复合材料原料的木炭，该复合材料以30%的重量掺入聚酯基复合材料中。对木炭细粉的表观密度、孔隙率、形态、即时化学成分以及傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行了评估。在800°C下生产的木炭细粉由于其较高的孔隙率（81.08%）、固定碳含量（96.77%）和疏水性，显示出作为聚合物基体填料的有趣潜力。对生物复合材料进行了弯曲和拉伸强度分析以及扫描电子显微镜观察。结果表明，在高温下，尤其是在800°C时，其强度有所提高，断裂强度更高（84.11 MPa）、弹性模量（4064.70 MPa）和拉伸强度（23.53 MPa）。扫描电子显微镜显示形态有所改善，800°C时粗糙度降低，这导致与聚酯基体的附着力增强。与其他天然木质纤维素聚合物复合材料（NLFs）相比，这些结果表明该新型生物复合材料在工程应用中具有广阔前景。
