Aalto University School of Business, Espoo, Finland.
Theor Med Bioeth. 2023 Apr;44(2):177-189. doi: 10.1007/s11017-022-09604-0. Epub 2022 Dec 24.
The article examines five controversial views, expressed in Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal, Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer's Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants, Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva's "After-birth abortion: why should the baby live?", Julian Savulescu's "Procreative beneficence: why we should select the best children", and the author's "A rational cure for prereproductive stress syndrome". These views have similarities and differences on five levels: the grievances they raise, the proposals they make, the justifications they explicitly use, the justifications they implicitly rely on, and the criticisms that they have encountered. A comparison of these similarities and differences produces two findings. First, some controversial views based on utilitarian considerations would probably fare better flipped upside down and presented as Juvenalian satires. Secondly, a modicum of humor or modesty could help presenters of controversial views to stir polite critical discussion on the themes that they put forward.
本文考察了乔纳森·斯威夫特的《一个温和的建议》、赫尔加·库什和彼得·辛格的《婴儿应该活下来吗?有残疾的婴儿的问题》、阿尔贝托·吉比里尼和弗朗西斯卡·米内尔瓦的《死后堕胎:为什么婴儿应该活下来?》、朱利安·萨乌利塞鲁的《生殖善行:我们为什么要选择最好的孩子》和作者的《治疗生殖前压力综合征的理性方法》中提出的五个有争议的观点。这些观点在五个层面上存在相似之处和不同之处:他们提出的不满、建议、他们明确使用的理由、他们隐含依赖的理由以及他们所遇到的批评。对这些相似之处和不同之处的比较产生了两个发现。首先,一些基于功利主义考虑的有争议的观点可能会更好,如果将其颠倒过来,并以朱尼安讽刺的形式呈现,可能会有更好的效果。其次,幽默或适度的谦逊可以帮助有争议观点的提出者在他们提出的主题上引发礼貌的批判性讨论。