Jeilu Oliyad, Gessesse Amare, Simachew Addis, Johansson Eva, Alexandersson Erik
Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Dec 8;13:999876. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999876. eCollection 2022.
Soda lakes are unique poly-extreme environments with high alkalinity and salinity that support diverse microbial communities despite their extreme nature. In this study, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial diversity in samples of the three soda lakes, Lake Abijata, Lake Chitu and Lake Shala in the East African Rift Valley, were determined using amplicon sequencing. Culture-independent analysis showed higher diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities in all three soda lakes than previously reported. A total of 3,603 prokaryotic and 898 eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found through culture-independent amplicon sequencing, whereas only 134 bacterial OTUs, which correspond to 3%, were obtained by enrichment cultures. This shows that only a fraction of the microorganisms from these habitats can be cultured under laboratory conditions. Of the three soda lakes, samples from Lake Chitu showed the highest prokaryotic diversity, while samples from Lake Shala showed the lowest diversity. (), (, ), (), (, , , ), and () were the most common prokaryotic microbes in the three soda lakes. A high diversity of eukaryotic organisms were identified, primarily represented by and . Compared to the other two lakes, a higher number of eukaryotic OTUs were found in Lake Abijata. The present study showed that these unique habitats harbour diverse microbial genetic resources with possible use in biotechnological applications, which should be further investigated by functional metagenomics.
苏打湖是独特的多极端环境，具有高碱度和高盐度，尽管其环境极端，但仍支持着多样的微生物群落。在本研究中，利用扩增子测序确定了东非大裂谷的阿比贾塔湖、奇图湖和沙拉湖这三个苏打湖样本中的原核生物和真核生物微生物多样性。非培养分析表明，所有三个苏打湖中原核生物和真核生物微生物群落的多样性均高于此前报道。通过非培养扩增子测序共发现了3603个原核生物和898个真核生物可操作分类单元（OTU），而通过富集培养仅获得了134个细菌OTU，占3%。这表明这些生境中的微生物只有一小部分能够在实验室条件下培养。在这三个苏打湖中，奇图湖的样本显示出最高的原核生物多样性，而沙拉湖的样本显示出最低的多样性。（）、（，）、（）、（，，，）和（）是这三个苏打湖中最常见的原核生物微生物。鉴定出了高度多样的真核生物，主要由和代表。与其他两个湖相比，在阿比贾塔湖中发现的真核生物OTU数量更多。本研究表明，这些独特的生境蕴藏着多样的微生物遗传资源，可能在生物技术应用中有用，应通过功能宏基因组学进一步研究。
