Awad-Núñez Samir, Julio Raky, Moya-Gómez Borja, Gomez Juan, Sastre González Julián
Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
Centro de Investigación del Transporte (TRANSyT-UPM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Transp Policy (Oxf). 2021 Jun;106:205-214. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.04.010. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
The COVID-19 pandemic has suddenly modified the lifestyle of a large portion of the population around the world. This pandemic is also the first one in decades that has severely impacted many countries of the Global North. Governments have had to adopt wide-scope and desperate measures to face the abnormal situation and to reduce the stress of their health care systems. These measures have been based on reducing the physical-social interaction and mobility (closing schools and some economic activities, or fostering telework, among others), increasing the physical distance between people, and recommending washing hands frequently and wearing masks. Thus, the COVID-19 may change many habits of people and the ways we interact with others after the current pandemic. It would also imply changes in mobility habits. Many questions arise about the willingness and acceptability of changes, and who would have to impulse them and how. This paper aims to study and understand individuals' acceptability towards a set of generic measures related to urban mobility in Spain, one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To that end, we conducted an online survey during the lockdown in Spring (2020). More than 75% of respondents would accept restrictions on car use after the return to normal, and more than 90% agree on increasing the space for pedestrians and cyclists on streets. Furthermore, 75% of respondents would change the primary transport mode towards a more sustainable transport mode if it would decrease the incidence or severity of the COVID-19. These results show that the respondents are overall in favor of a new urban hierarchy that gives more importance to the most sustainable modes, reducing the public space devoted to the car, which means the possibility of turning the COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity to make Spanish cities more sustainable.
新冠疫情突然改变了全球很大一部分人口的生活方式。这场疫情也是数十年来首次严重影响全球北方许多国家的疫情。各国政府不得不采取广泛而急切的措施来应对这一异常情况，并减轻其医疗系统的压力。这些措施基于减少身体社交互动和流动性（关闭学校和一些经济活动，或推广远程办公等）、增加人与人之间的物理距离，以及建议勤洗手和佩戴口罩。因此，新冠疫情可能会改变人们的许多习惯以及我们在当前疫情之后与他人互动的方式。这也将意味着出行习惯的改变。关于这些变化的意愿和可接受性，以及谁来推动这些变化以及如何推动，出现了许多问题。本文旨在研究和理解西班牙（受新冠疫情影响最严重的国家之一）民众对一系列与城市交通相关的通用措施的接受程度。为此，我们在2020年春季封锁期间进行了一项在线调查。超过75%的受访者表示在恢复正常后会接受对汽车使用的限制，超过90%的人同意增加街道上行人与自行车的空间。此外，如果能降低新冠疫情的发生率或严重程度，75%的受访者会改变主要出行方式，转向更可持续的交通方式。这些结果表明，受访者总体上支持一种新的城市层级结构，即更加重视最可持续的出行方式，减少用于汽车的公共空间，这意味着有可能将新冠危机转化为使西班牙城市更具可持续性的契机。
