Bedasso Alemnesh Hailemariam, Gutto Abebe Asale, Waldetensai Abate, Eukubay Araya, Bokore Getachew Eticha, Kinde Solomon, Gemechu Fekadu, Debebe Yared, Aklilu Mesfin, Tasew Geremew, Massebo Fekadu, Teshome Abebe, Kebede Tilahun, Abdulatif Bedri, Sisay Achamyelesh, Solomon Hiwot, Kweka Eliningaya J
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2022 Dec 8;8(12):e12178. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12178. eCollection 2022 Dec.
In Ethiopia, malaria incidence has significantly reduced in the past decade through the combined use of conventional vector control approaches and treatment using antimalarial drugs. However, the sustainability of this achievement is threatened by the shift in biting and resting behaviors and emergence of insecticide resistance by the primary malaria vector. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the behaviour of malaria mosquitoes in different sentinel sites is crucial to design effective prevention and control methods in the local context. Entomological investigations were conducted in three sentinel sites for five consecutive months during the major malaria transmission season. The species composition, population dynamics, biting and resting behaviours of malaria vectors were determined using center for disease control and prevention (CDC) light trap, human landing catch (HLC), pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) and Pitfall shelter collection (PFS). Accordingly, 10 households for CDC, 10 households for PSC, 10 households for PFS and 5 households for HLC from each site were randomly enrolled for mosquito collection. A total of 8,297 anopheline mosquitoes were collected from the three sites, out of which 4,525 (54.5 %) were , s.l. 2,028 (24.4 %) were , 160 (1.9 %) were An. funestus and the rest 1,584 (19 %) were other anophelines (). No significant variation (P = 0.476) was observed between indoor (25.2/trap-night and outdoor collections (20.1/trap-night). Six hundred seventy six (43.3%) of s.l. (primary vector) were collected between 18:00 and 22:00 h. Biting activity declined between 00:00 and 02:00 h. The national malaria control program should pay close attention to the shifting behavior of vector mosquitoes as the observed outdoor feeding tendency of the vector population could pose challenges to the indoor intervention tools IRS and LLINs.
在埃塞俄比亚,通过联合使用传统病媒控制方法和抗疟药物治疗,过去十年间疟疾发病率显著降低。然而,主要疟疾传播媒介的叮咬和栖息行为转变以及杀虫剂抗性的出现,威胁着这一成果的可持续性。因此,持续监测不同监测点疟疾蚊子的行为对于在当地背景下设计有效的预防和控制方法至关重要。在主要疟疾传播季节,连续五个月在三个监测点开展了昆虫学调查。使用疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)诱蚊灯、人饵诱捕法(HLC)、除虫菊酯喷雾捕蚊法(PSC)和陷阱庇护所收集法(PFS)来确定疟疾传播媒介的种类组成、种群动态、叮咬和栖息行为。据此,从每个监测点随机选取10户家庭用于CDC法、10户家庭用于PSC法、10户家庭用于PFS法以及5户家庭用于HLC法来收集蚊子。从这三个监测点共收集到8297只按蚊,其中4525只(54.5%)为斯氏按蚊复合组,2028只(24.4%)为冈比亚按蚊,160只(1.9%)为嗜人按蚊,其余1584只(19%)为其他按蚊(未提及具体种类)。室内(每诱捕夜25.2只)和室外收集量(每诱捕夜20.1只)之间未观察到显著差异(P = 0.476)。斯氏按蚊复合组(主要传播媒介)中有676只(43.3%)是在18:00至22:00收集到的。00:00至02:00之间叮咬活动减少。国家疟疾控制项目应密切关注病媒蚊子行为的变化,因为观察到的病媒种群户外取食倾向可能会对室内干预工具室内滞留喷洒(IRS)和长效驱虫蚊帐(LLINs)构成挑战。