Vasli Parvaneh, Shekarian-Asl Zahra, Zarmehrparirouy Mina, Hosseini Meimanat
Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali-Asr Ave., Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Crossroad, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022 Dec 28:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s10389-022-01808-x.
The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive role of the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs and health literacy (HL) in shaping the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive health behaviors (PHBs) among adolescents.
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 503 adolescent girls and boys, randomly selected via cluster sampling. For this purpose, the data were collected online through four research tools, including the demographic-clinical characteristics information questionnaire, the COVID-19 PHB Scale based on HBM, and the Health Literacy Scale for COVID-19. The data analysis was then performed by regression analysis along with the structural equation modeling (SEM), considering the significance level of 0.05.
The regression analysis results demonstrated that following the one-unit increase in the values of self-efficacy and cues to action, the COVID-19 PHBs elevated by 0.063 and 0.078 units, respectively. In addition, the COVID-19 PHBs subsided by 0.018 with the rise in the value of perceived barriers ( < 0.001). According to the path analysis, the direct path from the COVID-19-related HL to the COVID-19 PHBs (B = 0.097, β = 0.087, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.005 to 0.189) was significant. Furthermore, the indirect path from the COVID-19-related HL to the COVID-19 PHBs through perceived susceptibility (B = 0.017, β = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.032), perceived barriers (B = 0.029, β = 0.026, 95% CI = 0.004 to 0.055), self-efficacy (B = 0.094, β = 0.084, 95% CI = 0.031 to 0.156), and cues to action (B = 0.153, β = 0.137, 95% CI = 0.092 to 0.215) was significant.
In keeping with the study results, it is essential to take some effective measures to boost the HBM constructs and HL among adolescents to improve their PHBs during pandemics such as COVID-19.
本研究旨在评估健康信念模型（HBM）构建因素和健康素养（HL）在塑造青少年2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）预防性健康行为（PHB）方面的预测作用。
本横断面研究通过整群抽样随机选取了503名青少年男女。为此，通过四种研究工具在线收集数据，包括人口统计学 - 临床特征信息问卷、基于HBM的COVID-19 PHB量表和COVID-19健康素养量表。然后采用回归分析以及结构方程模型（SEM）进行数据分析，显著性水平设定为0.05。
回归分析结果表明，自我效能感和行动线索值每增加一个单位，COVID-19预防性健康行为分别提高0.063和0.078个单位。此外，随着感知障碍值的增加，COVID-19预防性健康行为下降0.018（<0.001）。根据路径分析，从COVID-19相关健康素养到COVID-19预防性健康行为的直接路径（B = 0.097，β = 0.087，95%置信区间[CI] = 0.005至0.189）具有显著性。此外，从COVID-19相关健康素养通过感知易感性（B = 0.017，β = 0.015，95% CI = 0.001至0.032）、感知障碍（B = 0.029，β = 0.026，95% CI = 0.004至0.055）、自我效能感（B = 0.094，β = 0.084，95% CI = 0.031至0.156）和行动线索（B = 0.153，β = 0.137，95% CI = 0.092至0.215）到COVID-19预防性健康行为的间接路径具有显著性。
根据研究结果，采取一些有效措施提高青少年的健康信念模型构建因素和健康素养，对于改善他们在COVID-19等大流行期间的预防性健康行为至关重要。
