Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St, M5S 2S1, Toronto, ON, Canada.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 3;23(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04495-w.
Incidents of suicide can be categorized into three main types: solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts. Although these three suicide incidents vary by definition, no studies to-date have simultaneously examined and compared them for potential differences. The objective of the current study was to empirically and descriptively compare solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts in the United States.
Restricted-access data from the National Violent Death Report System for 2003-2019 for 262,679 solitary suicides, 4,352 suicides following homicide, and 450 suicide pacts were used. Pairwise comparisons of the three suicide incident types were made for demographic factors, method of suicide, preceding circumstances, mental health status, and toxicology findings.
Solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts have distinct profiles, with statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences across all pairwise comparisons of sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, education, method of suicide, financial problems, interpersonal relationship problems, physical health problems, mental health problems, mood disorders, suicide attempt history, and opiate use at the time of death.
Despite sharing a few commonalities, solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts represent distinct phenomena. Each of these suicide incident types likely have their own unique prevention pathways.
自杀事件可分为三种主要类型：孤独自杀、杀人后自杀和自杀协议。尽管这三种自杀事件在定义上有所不同，但迄今为止尚无研究同时对它们进行检查和比较，以发现潜在的差异。本研究的目的是对美国的孤独自杀、杀人后自杀和自杀协议进行实证和描述性比较。
使用 2003 年至 2019 年国家暴力死亡报告系统的受限访问数据，对 262679 例孤独自杀、4352 例杀人后自杀和 450 例自杀协议进行了分析。对三种自杀事件类型的人口统计学因素、自杀方法、前置情况、心理健康状况和毒理学发现进行了两两比较。
孤独自杀、杀人后自杀和自杀协议具有不同的特征，在所有性别、种族、民族、婚姻状况、教育、自杀方法、财务问题、人际关系问题、身体健康问题、心理健康问题、情绪障碍、自杀企图史和死亡时阿片类药物使用等方面的两两比较中均存在统计学差异（p<0.05）。
尽管孤独自杀、杀人后自杀和自杀协议有一些共同之处，但它们代表着不同的现象。这些自杀事件类型中的每一种可能都有其独特的预防途径。
