流感疫苗对卡塔尔医护人员预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染的有效性。
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Qatar.
机构信息
Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
J Infect Public Health. 2023 Feb;16(2):250-256. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.016. Epub 2022 Dec 26.
BACKGROUND
Some studies have reported that influenza vaccination is associated with lower risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and/or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality. This study aims to estimate effectiveness of influenza vaccination, using Abbott's quadrivalent Influvac Tetra vaccine, against SARS-CoV-2 infection and against severe COVID-19.
METHODS
This matched, test-negative, case-control study was implemented on a population of 30,774 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Qatar during the 2020 annual influenza vaccination campaign, September 17, 2020-December 31, 2020, before introduction of COVID-19 vaccination.
RESULTS
Of 30,774 HCWs, 576 with PCR-positive tests and 10,033 with exclusively PCR-negative tests were eligible for inclusion in the study. Matching by sex, age, nationality, reason for PCR testing, and PCR test date yielded 518 cases matched to 2058 controls. Median duration between influenza vaccination and the PCR test was 43 days (IQR, 29-62). Estimated effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection> 14 days after receiving the vaccine was 29.7% (95% CI: 5.5-47.7%). Estimated effectiveness of influenza vaccination against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 was 88.9% (95% CI: 4.1-98.7%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the main analysis results.
CONCLUSIONS
Recent influenza vaccination is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity.
背景
一些研究报告称，流感疫苗接种可降低严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）感染和/或 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）发病率和死亡率的风险。本研究旨在评估 Abbott 公司的四价流感疫苗对 SARS-CoV-2 感染和严重 COVID-19 的有效性。
方法
本项匹配、阴性检测、病例对照研究于 2020 年在卡塔尔的 30774 名医护人员（HCWs）中进行，接种时间为 2020 年 9 月 17 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日，当时还未开始接种 COVID-19 疫苗。
结果
在 30774 名 HCWs 中，有 576 名 PCR 检测呈阳性，10033 名 PCR 检测结果均为阴性，符合纳入本研究的条件。通过性别、年龄、国籍、PCR 检测原因和 PCR 检测日期进行匹配，产生了 518 例病例和 2058 例对照。流感疫苗接种与 PCR 检测之间的中位时间为 43 天（IQR：29-62）。在接种疫苗后>14 天，流感疫苗预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染的有效性估计为 29.7%（95%CI：5.5-47.7%）。流感疫苗预防严重、危重症或致死性 COVID-19 的有效性估计为 88.9%（95%CI：4.1-98.7%）。敏感性分析证实了主要分析结果。
结论
近期流感疫苗接种与 SARS-CoV-2 感染风险降低和 COVID-19 严重程度降低显著相关。
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