Wallman J, Adams J I
Department of Biology, City College of The City University of New York, NY 10031.
Vision Res. 1987;27(7):1139-63. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(87)90027-7.
Chicks deprived of form-vision in the lateral part of their visual fields become severely myopic largely because of elongation of the vitreous chamber. The myopia mostly affects the visually deprived nasal retina; the nondeprived temporal retina is unaffected. These changes occur most rapidly early in life, being evident then after only 3 days of visual restriction. The susceptibility declines with age, being proportional to the rate of increase of axial length. Recovery from this myopia occurs if the visual restriction is removed during the first 6 weeks of life, as a result of the cessation of elongation of the vitreous chamber. The rate of recovery is directly related to the degree of myopia and inversely related to age. The pattern of changes in refractive status and variability argue for the probable existence of an active mechanism regulating eye growth in a manner dependent on refractive error, thereby producing emmetropization.
视觉视野外侧部分被剥夺形觉的小鸡会严重近视，这主要是由于玻璃体腔延长所致。近视主要影响视觉被剥夺的鼻侧视网膜；未被剥夺的颞侧视网膜则不受影响。这些变化在生命早期最为迅速，仅在视觉限制3天后就很明显。易感性随年龄下降，与眼轴长度的增加速率成正比。如果在生命的前6周内解除视觉限制，由于玻璃体腔不再延长，这种近视是可以恢复的。恢复速率与近视程度直接相关，与年龄成反比。屈光状态的变化模式和变异性表明，可能存在一种依赖屈光不正来调节眼球生长的主动机制，从而实现正视化。
