Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Shanxi, 710048, China.
Department of General Education, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Jan 6;11(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01038-0.
In 2021, a once-in-a-century heavy rainstorm suddenly attacked Zhengzhou, an important inland city in northern China. However, there have been no studies on the psychological health of disaster-stricken residents. This study is the first to comprehensively report on the mental health status and related factors of local ordinary residents after the heavy rainstorm.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mental health status and related influencing factors of local ordinary residents after the flood disaster, and to provide reference for government departments to formulate disaster psychological intervention countermeasures based on evidence-driven strategies.
The snowball sampling technique was used in this study, and measurement tools of Rainstorm Exposure Questionnaire, Subjective Perception of Rainstorm, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DAS-21) and Chinese version of Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to evaluate the rainstorm exposure, subjective perception of the rainstorm, psychological symptoms and social support of the disaster-stricken residents within a week after the rainstorm. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the psychological status and related factors of local residents after the rainstorm disaster.
A total of 469 valid samples were obtained in this study. All the subjects were in the disaster area and experienced the rainstorm personally, with normal intelligence. The statistical results showed that 25.37% people had experienced at least three rainstorm-related stresses, nearly 20.26% people had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and 39.3%, 53.92% and 65.83% people had depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that female (all p < 0.05), the divorced, agricultural workers/farmers (all p < 0.05), students (all p < 0.05), people experiencing at least three rainstorm-related stresses (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), people with lower satisfaction at the social flood fighting measures (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) and people with low social support (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) were all independent risk factors for poor psychological health, and college education or above (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), the lower degree of worrying about themselves (all p < 0.01), family members (all p < 0.01) and family property (all p < 0.01) were all related to higher psychological health among flood survivors after the disaster.
Rainstorm could cause local residents to have various degrees of psychological symptoms. This study identified factors associated with the psychological health of disaster-stricken residents, which could be used to develop psychological interventions in improving psychological health of local residents.
2021 年，一场百年一遇的暴雨突然袭击了中国北方重要内陆城市郑州。然而，目前尚无研究报道暴雨灾害后受灾居民的心理健康状况。本研究首次全面报告了暴雨后当地普通居民的心理健康状况及相关因素。
本研究旨在调查洪涝灾害后当地普通居民的心理健康状况及相关影响因素，为政府部门基于循证策略制定灾害心理干预对策提供参考。
本研究采用滚雪球抽样法，在暴雨后一周内使用暴雨暴露问卷、暴雨主观感知量表、创伤后应激障碍检查表-平民版（PCL-C）、抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21 版（DAS-21）和中文版社会支持评定量表（SSRS）对受灾居民的暴雨暴露、暴雨主观感知、心理症状和社会支持进行评估。采用 Logistic 回归分析探讨暴雨灾害后当地居民的心理状态及相关因素。
本研究共获得 469 份有效样本。所有研究对象均来自灾区，亲自经历了暴雨，智力正常。统计结果显示，25.37%的人经历了至少三种与暴雨相关的压力，近 20.26%的人出现创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状，39.3%、53.92%和 65.83%的人分别出现抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。多变量 Logistic 回归分析表明，女性（均 P<0.05）、离异、农业工人/农民（均 P<0.05）、学生（均 P<0.05）、经历至少三种与暴雨相关压力的人群（P<0.05 或 P<0.01）、对社会抗洪措施满意度较低的人群（P<0.05 或 P<0.01）和社会支持度较低的人群（P<0.05 或 P<0.01）均为心理健康状况较差的独立危险因素，而接受过大学教育或以上（P<0.05 或 P<0.01）、对自身（均 P<0.01）、家人（均 P<0.01）和家庭财产（均 P<0.01）的担忧程度较低则与受灾后居民的心理健康水平较高有关。
暴雨会导致当地居民出现不同程度的心理症状。本研究确定了与受灾居民心理健康相关的因素，可用于制定改善当地居民心理健康的心理干预措施。
