Chemical Profiles, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Four Different L. EOs.

L., known as lavender, is an economically important Lamiaceae due to the production of essential oils (EOs) for the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and medical industries. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of EOs isolated from four inflorescences of L. collected in different geographical areas: central-southern Italy (LaCC, LaPE, LaPS) and southern France (LaPRV). The essential oils, obtained by steam distillation from plants at the full flowering stage, were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). More than 70 components identified in each sample showed significant variability among the main constituents. The four EOs analyzed contained the following as main component: linalool (from 30.02% to 39.73%), borneol (13.65% in LaPE and 16.83% in La PS), linalyl acetate (24.34% in LaCC and 31.07% in LaPRV). The EOs were also evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against two white rot fungi ( and ) as potential natural biodeteriogens in the artworks field, and against , and responsible for significant crop yield losses in tropical and subtropical areas. The results confirm a concentration-dependent toxicity pattern, where the fungal species show different sensitivity to the four EOs. The in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH assay showed better scavenging activity on LaCC (IC 26.26 mg/mL) and LaPRV (IC 33.53 mg/mL), followed by LaPE (IC 48.00 mg/mL) and LaPS (IC 49.63 mg/mL). The potential application of EOs as a green method to control biodeterioration phenomena on a work of art on wood timber dated 1876 was evaluated.