Takke Apurva, Zarekar Mohini, Muthuraman Vigneshwaran, Ashar Aditee, Patil Kranti, Badhavkar Anagha, Trivedi Jayshil, Khargekar Naveen, Madkaikar Manisha, Banerjee Anindita
ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Oct;11(10):6135-6142. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_430_22. Epub 2022 Oct 31.
The Omicron variant-mediated COVID-19 wave is responsible for a global tsunami of cases. There is scarce data about the clinical and epidemiological characteristic analyses of the third wave. We present the data of COVID-19 patients from Mumbai region during the early third wave by taking S-gene target failure (SGTF) as a proxy for probable Omicron cases.
We collected retrospective data of RT-PCR-confirmed (COVID-19) patients, and measured the proportion of possible Omicron cases by SGTF. We segregated and analyzed the clinical and lab data of patients with outcomes such as differing symptoms, vaccination coverage, previous infection, and travel history. We also performed a trend analysis of Mumbai's COVID-19 data before and during the third wave.
All patients had mild clinical symptoms while few were asymptomatic. Myalgia was more significantly present in SGTF/Omicron cases compared to non-SGTF/Delta patients. Out of the total 101 COVID-positive individuals, 94 individuals (93%) had taken two doses of COVID vaccine. Among these 94 individuals, 9 (8.9%) had been previously infected with COVID 19 in the first or second waves. 77.7% of the previously infected were now infected with Omicron variant and only 22.3% by a non-Omicron variant.
Rapid rise and fall during the third wave in Mumbai was due to Omicron cases gradually replacing Delta. The overall milder clinical spectrum in both Omicron and Delta cases imply that vaccines might not be effective against re-infection but can attenuate disease severity and mortality, as evident by high coverage of vaccination in the country.
奥密克戎变异株介导的新冠疫情浪潮导致了全球病例的海啸式增长。关于第三波疫情的临床和流行病学特征分析的数据稀缺。我们通过将S基因靶标失败（SGTF）作为可能的奥密克戎病例的代理指标，呈现孟买地区第三波疫情早期新冠患者的数据。
我们收集了经逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）确诊的新冠患者的回顾性数据，并通过SGTF测量可能的奥密克戎病例的比例。我们对具有不同症状、疫苗接种覆盖率、既往感染史和旅行史等结局的患者的临床和实验室数据进行了分类和分析。我们还对孟买第三波疫情之前和期间的新冠数据进行了趋势分析。
所有患者临床症状均较轻，少数为无症状感染者。与非SGTF/德尔塔患者相比，SGTF/奥密克戎病例中肌痛更为明显。在总共101例新冠阳性个体中，94例（93%）接种了两剂新冠疫苗。在这94例个体中，9例（8.9%）在第一波或第二波疫情中曾感染过新冠。既往感染过的患者中，77.7%现在感染了奥密克戎变异株，只有22.3%感染的是非奥密克戎变异株。
孟买第三波疫情期间的快速上升和下降是由于奥密克戎病例逐渐取代了德尔塔病例。奥密克戎和德尔塔病例总体上临床症状较轻，这意味着疫苗可能对再次感染无效，但可以减轻疾病严重程度和死亡率，该国高疫苗接种覆盖率就证明了这一点。
