Brar Basanti, Marwaha Sumnil, Poonia Anil Kumar, Koul Bhupendra, Kajla Subhash, Rajput Vishnu D
HABITAT, Genome Improvement Primary Producer Company Ltd. Centre of Biofertilizer Production and Technology, HAU, Hisar, 125004, India.
ICAR-National Research Centre On Camel, Bikaner, 334001, Rajasthan, India.
Arch Microbiol. 2023 Jan 11;205(2):62. doi: 10.1007/s00203-023-03404-3.
In the 20th century, the discovery of antibiotics played an essential role in the fight against infectious diseases, including meningitis, typhoid fever, pneumonia and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The development of multidrug resistance in microflora due to improper antibiotic use created significant public health issues. Antibiotic resistance has increased at an alarming rate in the past few decades. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (superbugs) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as well as drug-resistant tuberculosis pose serious health implications. Despite the continuous increase in resistant microbes, the discovery of novel antibiotics is constrained by the cost and complexities of discovery of drugs. The nanotechnology has given new hope in combating this problem. In the present review, recent developments in therapeutics utilizing nanotechnology for novel antimicrobial drug development are discussed. The nanoparticles of silver, gold and zinc oxide have proved to be efficient antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia Coli and MRSA. Using nanostructures as carriers for antimicrobial agents provides better bioavailability, less chances of sub-therapeutic drug accumulation and less drug-related toxicity. Nanophotothermal therapy using fullerene and antibody functionalized nanostructures are other strategies that can prove to be helpful.
在20世纪，抗生素的发现对包括脑膜炎、伤寒、肺炎和结核分枝杆菌在内的传染病防治起到了至关重要的作用。由于抗生素使用不当导致微生物产生多重耐药性，引发了重大的公共卫生问题。在过去几十年中，抗生素耐药性以惊人的速度增长。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）等多重耐药菌以及耐药结核病对健康构成了严重威胁。尽管耐药微生物不断增加，但新型抗生素的发现受到药物研发成本和复杂性的限制。纳米技术为解决这一问题带来了新的希望。在本综述中，讨论了利用纳米技术进行新型抗菌药物研发的治疗学最新进展。银、金和氧化锌纳米颗粒已被证明是对抗多重耐药克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌和MRSA的有效抗菌剂。将纳米结构用作抗菌剂的载体可提供更好的生物利用度、降低亚治疗剂量药物积累的可能性并减少药物相关毒性。使用富勒烯和抗体功能化纳米结构的纳米光热疗法是其他可能有用的策略。
