Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, U.S.A.
Biochem J. 2023 Jan 13;480(1):57-85. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20220550.
Epigenetics, the inheritance of genomic information independent of DNA sequence, controls the interpretation of extracellular and intracellular signals in cell homeostasis, proliferation and differentiation. On the chromatin level, signal transduction leads to changes in epigenetic marks, such as histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility to regulate gene expression. Crosstalk between different epigenetic mechanisms, such as that between histone PTMs and DNA methylation, leads to an intricate network of chromatin-binding proteins where pre-existing epigenetic marks promote or inhibit the writing of new marks. The recent technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS) -based proteomic methods and in genome-wide DNA sequencing approaches have broadened our understanding of epigenetic networks greatly. However, further development and wider application of these methods is vital in developing treatments for disorders and pathologies that are driven by epigenetic dysregulation.
表观遗传学是指基因组信息在不依赖于 DNA 序列的情况下的遗传，它控制着细胞内环境、增殖和分化过程中外源和内源信号的解读。在染色质水平上，信号转导导致表观遗传标记（如组蛋白翻译后修饰、DNA 甲基化和染色质可及性）的改变，从而调节基因表达。不同表观遗传机制（如组蛋白 PTM 和 DNA 甲基化之间）的串扰导致了一个复杂的染色质结合蛋白网络，其中预先存在的表观遗传标记促进或抑制新标记的写入。基于质谱（MS）的蛋白质组学方法和全基因组 DNA 测序方法的最新技术进展极大地拓宽了我们对表观遗传网络的理解。然而，这些方法的进一步发展和更广泛的应用对于开发由表观遗传失调驱动的疾病和病理的治疗方法至关重要。
