Pfister Franziska, Pozas Claudia
School of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
BMC Nutr. 2023 Jan 11;9(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s40795-023-00671-7.
In 2016, Chile implemented the Food Labeling and Advertising Law to fight childhood obesity through front-of-package food labelling, marketing restrictions and school activities and programs. Nevertheless, little is known on its influence on key stakeholders in vulnerable peripheral regions of the country. This study aimed at identifying important influencing factors including the Food Labeling and Advertising Law on dietary habits and physical activity patterns of second graders in Chile, as perceived by school representatives and the children themselves.
Semi-structured interviews with four school directors and 17 groups of three second graders, informal interviews with 9 key teachers and 4 food services staff complemented with documented observations were carried out in four primary schools of the Chilean city of Punta Arenas, in the Magallanes Punta Arenas region. The different sources allowed for triangulation of results.
FLAL seems to have a negligible influence on young children's diet and physical activity in the study region. Barriers are children's deeply rooted dietary habits, excessive screen-time, the parents' lacking problem awareness, limited time for parenting practices and bad role modeling. Environmental barriers are overloaded schools due to insufficient coordination between governmental entities, lacking funds for sound teacher training and unsafe neighborhoods limiting children's play.
Policy interventions aimed at reducing childhood obesity need to include and empower schools, families and local communities as active partners and consider their framework conditions for greater influence on dietary habits and physical activity.
2016年，智利实施了《食品标签与广告法》，旨在通过食品包装正面标签、营销限制以及学校活动和项目来对抗儿童肥胖问题。然而，对于该法在该国弱势边缘地区对关键利益相关者的影响却知之甚少。本研究旨在确定包括《食品标签与广告法》在内的重要影响因素，这些因素是学校代表和儿童自身所认为的对智利二年级学生饮食习惯和身体活动模式的影响。
在智利麦哲伦大区蓬塔阿雷纳斯市的四所小学，对四位学校校长和17组每组三名二年级学生进行了半结构化访谈，对九名骨干教师和四名食品服务人员进行了非正式访谈，并辅以记录观察。不同来源的数据有助于结果的三角验证。
在研究区域，《食品标签与广告法》对幼儿的饮食和身体活动似乎影响甚微。障碍包括儿童根深蒂固的饮食习惯、过多的屏幕时间、家长缺乏问题意识、育儿时间有限以及不良的榜样作用。环境障碍包括由于政府实体之间协调不足导致学校负担过重、缺乏资金用于良好的教师培训以及不安全的社区限制了儿童的玩耍。
旨在减少儿童肥胖的政策干预措施需要将学校、家庭和当地社区纳入其中并赋予其权力，使其成为积极的合作伙伴，并考虑他们的框架条件，以便对饮食习惯和身体活动产生更大影响。
