Al-Kuraishy Hayder M, Al-Gareeb Ali I, Hetta Helal F, Alexiou Athanasios, Papadakis Marios, Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
AMB Express. 2023 Jan 13;13(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13568-023-01507-0.
Monkeypox (MPX) is a common zoonotic disease caused by a double-strand DNA MPX virus (MPXV). MPX was considered a sporadic rare disease causing a mild disease with a low capacity to spread among humans. The clinical picture of human MPX highly resembles smallpox, though early lymphadenopathy in human MPX is the distinguishing sign not present in smallpox. The incubation period is 1-3 weeks, and fever, headache, joint pain, myalgia, and nausea for about 3 days. Skin lesions that appear 1-3 days following fever and lymphadenopathy usually appear simultaneously on the face and periphery. By cross-reactivity and protection, the smallpox vaccine produced 85% protection against infection with Orthopoxviruses, including MPX. Antiviral drugs like tecovirimate and brincidofovir could be effective agents against the development of MPX. MPX epidemics are less reported and described as other life-threatening epidemics, leading to an unclear picture of this disease's pathogenesis, epidemiology, and management. With the recent wide range of MPX outbreaks, immense research is mandatory to revise the importance of MPX pathogenesis and risk for epidemic development worldwide. Therefore, this critical study aimed to review MPX's pathogenesis, epidemiology, and management with possible repurposed drugs.
猴痘（MPX）是一种由双链DNA猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的常见人畜共患病。猴痘曾被认为是一种散发的罕见疾病，引发的病症较轻，在人群中的传播能力较低。人类猴痘的临床表现与天花极为相似，不过人类猴痘早期出现的淋巴结病是天花所没有的显著特征。潜伏期为1至3周，发热、头痛、关节疼痛、肌肉疼痛和恶心症状持续约3天。发热和淋巴结病出现1至3天后出现的皮肤病变通常同时出现在面部和四肢。通过交叉反应和保护作用，天花疫苗对包括猴痘病毒在内的正痘病毒感染产生了85%的保护效果。像替考韦瑞酯和布林西多福韦这样的抗病毒药物可能是对抗猴痘发展的有效药物。与其他危及生命的流行病相比，猴痘疫情的报告和描述较少，导致对这种疾病的发病机制、流行病学和管理情况了解不清。随着近期猴痘疫情的广泛爆发，必须进行大量研究以重新审视猴痘发病机制的重要性以及全球范围内疫情发展的风险。因此，这项关键研究旨在回顾猴痘的发病机制、流行病学和管理情况以及可能重新利用的药物。
