School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021.
The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021.
Nutr Res. 2023 Feb;110:23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.12.008. Epub 2022 Dec 27.
Flaxseed is a functional food because of its high content of alpha-linolenic acid, lignans, and dietary fiber. We hypothesized that flaxseed supplementation would improve cardiometabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, clinical trials have shown conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of flaxseed supplementation in patients with T2DM. Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase until 25 March 2022. A total of 13 studies were included, and the results showed that flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in participants with T2DM compared with the control group. In contrast, it had no effects on body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and lipid parameters. In the subgroup analyses, FBG was significantly reduced with supplementation of flaxseed in participants with baseline FBG ≥8.0 mmol/L or baseline HbA1c ≥7.0%. And a significant decrease in HbA1c in participants with baseline HbA1c ≥7.0% after flaxseed supplementation. In addition, subgroup analyses indicated that whole flaxseed supplementation significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in participants with T2DM. In conclusion, flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced HbA1c in participants with T2DM, especially those with poorly controlled blood sugar levels. However, larger scale studies with better designs are needed to confirm insignificant and/or ambiguous findings.
亚麻籽因其富含α-亚麻酸、木脂素和膳食纤维而成为一种功能性食品。我们假设亚麻籽补充剂会改善 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的心脏代谢参数；然而，临床试验结果却存在矛盾。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定亚麻籽补充剂对 T2DM 患者的影响。我们系统地检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane Library 和 Embase 中的随机对照试验，检索截至 2022 年 3 月 25 日。共纳入 13 项研究，结果表明，与对照组相比，亚麻籽补充剂可显著降低 T2DM 患者的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）。相比之下，它对体重、体重指数、血压、空腹血糖（FBG）、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗、定量胰岛素敏感性检查指数和血脂参数没有影响。在亚组分析中，基线 FBG≥8.0mmol/L 或基线 HbA1c≥7.0%的患者补充亚麻籽可显著降低 FBG。并且，HbA1c 基线值≥7.0%的患者在补充亚麻籽后 HbA1c 显著降低。此外，亚组分析表明，对于 T2DM 患者，全亚麻籽补充剂可显著增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，并降低总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。总之，亚麻籽补充剂可显著降低 T2DM 患者的 HbA1c，尤其是血糖控制不佳的患者。然而，需要更大规模、设计更好的研究来证实这些无显著意义和/或模棱两可的结果。
