Goodman Carly, Hall Meaghan, Green Rivka, Hornung Richard, Martinez-Mier Esperanza Angeles, Lanphear Bruce, Till Christine
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
Pediatrics and Environmental Health, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Environ Adv. 2022 Apr;7. doi: 10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100135. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Fluoride exposure >1.5 mg/L from water has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Little is known, however, about the effect of fluoride at levels consistent with water fluoridation (i.e., 0.7 mg/L) on pregnancy and birth outcomes. We examined the relationship between maternal fluoride exposure, fertility, and birth outcomes in a Canadian pregnancy cohort living in areas where municipal drinking water fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.87 mg/L.
Using data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study, we estimated fluoride exposure during pregnancy using three different metrics: (1) maternal urinary fluoride concentrations standardized for specific gravity (MUF) and averaged across all three trimesters (N = 1566), (2) water fluoride concentration (N = 1370), and (3) fluoride intake based on self-reported consumption of water, coffee, and tea, adjusted for body weight (N = 1192). Data on fertility, birth weight, gestational age, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational age (SGA) were assessed. We used multiple linear regression to examine associations between fluoride exposure, birth weight and gestational age, and logistic regression to examine associations with fertility, preterm birth, and SGA, adjusted for relevant covariates.
Median (IQR) MUF was 0.50 (0.33-0.76) mg/L, median water fluoride was 0.52 (0.17-0.64) mg/L, and median fluoride intake was 0.008 (0.003-0.013) mg/kg/day. MUF, water fluoride concentrations, and fluoride intake were not significantly associated with fertility, birth weight, gestational age, preterm birth, or SGA. Fetal sex did not modify any of the associations.
Fluoride exposure during pregnancy was not associated with fertility or birth outcomes in this Canadian cohort.
水中氟暴露量>1.5mg/L与不良妊娠及分娩结局相关。然而，对于与水氟化作用一致的氟水平（即0.7mg/L）对妊娠及分娩结局的影响知之甚少。我们在加拿大一个居住于市政饮用水氟浓度范围为0.04至0.87mg/L地区的妊娠队列中，研究了母亲氟暴露、生育力及分娩结局之间的关系。
利用环境化学物质母婴研究（MIREC）的数据，我们使用三种不同指标估算孕期氟暴露：（1）根据比重标准化且在所有三个孕期平均的母亲尿氟浓度（MUF）（N = 1566），（2）水氟浓度（N = 1370），以及（3）基于自我报告的水、咖啡和茶摄入量并根据体重调整的氟摄入量（N = 1192）。评估了生育力、出生体重、孕周、早产及小于胎龄儿（SGA）的数据。我们使用多元线性回归研究氟暴露、出生体重和孕周之间的关联，并使用逻辑回归研究与生育力、早产和SGA的关联，同时对相关协变量进行了调整。
MUF的中位数（IQR）为0.50（0.33 - 0.76）mg/L，水氟中位数为0.52（0.17 - 0.64）mg/L，氟摄入量中位数为0.008（0.003 - 0.013）mg/kg/天。MUF、水氟浓度和氟摄入量与生育力、出生体重、孕周、早产或SGA均无显著关联。胎儿性别未改变任何关联。
在这个加拿大队列中，孕期氟暴露与生育力或分娩结局无关。
