Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Hippocampus. 2023 Jun;33(6):787-807. doi: 10.1002/hipo.23499. Epub 2023 Jan 17.
The hippocampus and perirhinal cortex are both broadly implicated in memory; nevertheless, their relative contributions to visual item recognition and location memory remain disputed. Neuropsychological studies in nonhuman primates that examine memory function after selective damage to medial temporal lobe structures report various levels of memory impairment-ranging from minor deficits to profound amnesia. The discrepancies in published findings have complicated efforts to determine the exact magnitude of visual item recognition and location memory impairments following damage to the hippocampus and/or perirhinal cortex. To provide the most accurate estimate to date of the overall effect size, we use meta-analytic techniques on data aggregated from 26 publications that assessed visual item recognition and/or location memory in nonhuman primates with and without selective neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus or perirhinal cortex. We estimated the overall effect size, evaluated the relation between lesion extent and effect size, and investigated factors that may account for between-study variation. Grouping studies by lesion target and testing method, separate meta-analyses were conducted. One meta-analysis indicated that impairments on tests of visual item recognition were larger after lesions of perirhinal cortex than after lesions of the hippocampus. A separate meta-analysis showed that performance on tests of location memory was severely impaired by lesions of the hippocampus. For the most part, meta-regressions indicated that greater impairment corresponds with greater lesion extent; paradoxically, however, more extensive hippocampal lesions predicted smaller impairments on tests of visual item recognition. We conclude the perirhinal cortex makes a larger contribution than the hippocampus to visual item recognition, and the hippocampus predominately contributes to spatial navigation.
海马体和边缘皮层都广泛参与记忆；然而，它们在视觉项目识别和位置记忆方面的相对贡献仍存在争议。对非人类灵长类动物进行的神经心理学研究，在选择性损伤内侧颞叶结构后检查记忆功能，报告了各种程度的记忆损伤，从轻微缺陷到严重健忘。发表的研究结果之间的差异使确定海马体和/或边缘皮层损伤后视觉项目识别和位置记忆损伤的确切程度变得复杂。为了提供迄今为止对整体效应大小的最准确估计，我们使用荟萃分析技术汇总了 26 篇出版物的数据，这些出版物评估了非人类灵长类动物在选择性神经毒性损伤海马体或边缘皮层前后的视觉项目识别和/或位置记忆。我们估计了总体效应大小，评估了病变程度与效应大小之间的关系，并调查了可能导致研究间变异的因素。根据病变靶点和测试方法对研究进行分组，分别进行了荟萃分析。一项荟萃分析表明，在边缘皮层病变后，视觉项目识别测试的损伤比海马体病变后更大。另一项单独的荟萃分析表明，海马体损伤严重损害了位置记忆测试的表现。在大多数情况下，元回归表明更大的损伤对应更大的病变程度；然而，具有讽刺意味的是，更广泛的海马体损伤预测了视觉项目识别测试中较小的损伤。我们得出的结论是，边缘皮层对视觉项目识别的贡献大于海马体，而海马体主要有助于空间导航。
