Rolls Edmund T
Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Hippocampus. 2025 Jan;35(1):e23666. doi: 10.1002/hipo.23666.
Two key series of discoveries about the hippocampus are described. One is the discovery of hippocampal spatial view cells in primates. This discovery opens the way to a much better understanding of human episodic memory, for episodic memory prototypically involves a memory of where people or objects or rewards have been seen in locations "out there" which could never be implemented by the place cells that encode the location of a rat or mouse. Further, spatial view cells are valuable for navigation using vision and viewed landmarks, and provide for much richer, vision-based, navigation than the place to place self-motion update performed by rats and mice who live in dark underground tunnels. Spatial view cells thus offer a revolution in our understanding of the functions of the hippocampus in memory and navigation in humans and other primates with well-developed foveate vision. The second discovery describes a computational theory of the hippocampal-neocortical memory system that includes the only quantitative theory of how information is recalled from the hippocampus to the neocortex. It is shown how foundations for this research were the discovery of reward neurons for food reward, and non-reward, in the primate orbitofrontal cortex, and representations of value including of monetary value in the human orbitofrontal cortex; and the discovery of face identity and face expression cells in the primate inferior temporal visual cortex and how they represent transform-invariant information. This research illustrates how in order to understand a brain computation, a whole series of integrated interdisciplinary discoveries is needed to build a theory of the operation of each neural system.
本文描述了关于海马体的两个关键系列的发现。一是在灵长类动物中发现了海马体空间视图细胞。这一发现为更好地理解人类情景记忆开辟了道路，因为情景记忆典型地涉及对在“外部”位置看到的人、物体或奖励的记忆，而编码大鼠或小鼠位置的位置细胞永远无法实现这一点。此外，空间视图细胞对于利用视觉和可见地标进行导航很有价值，并且比生活在黑暗地下隧道中的大鼠和小鼠进行的从一个地方到另一个地方的自我运动更新提供了更丰富的基于视觉的导航。因此，空间视图细胞在我们对海马体在人类和其他具有发达中央凹视觉的灵长类动物的记忆和导航功能的理解上带来了一场革命。第二个发现描述了海马体 - 新皮层记忆系统的计算理论，其中包括关于信息如何从海马体被召回新皮层的唯一定量理论。文中展示了该研究的基础是在灵长类动物眶额皮质中发现了对食物奖励和无奖励的奖励神经元，以及在人类眶额皮质中价值的表征，包括货币价值的表征；以及在灵长类动物颞下视觉皮层中发现了面部身份和面部表情细胞，以及它们如何表征变换不变信息。这项研究说明了为了理解一种大脑计算，需要一系列综合的跨学科发现来构建每个神经系统运作的理论。
