Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China.
Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yan tai, China.
J Med Internet Res. 2023 Mar 10;25:e37599. doi: 10.2196/37599.
Virtual and augmented reality (VAR) represents a combination of current state-of-the-art computer and imaging technologies and has the potential to be a revolutionary technology in many surgical fields. An increasing number of investigators have developed and applied VAR in hip-related surgery with the aim of using this technology to reduce hip surgery-related complications, improve surgical success rates, and reduce surgical risks. These technologies are beginning to be widely used in hip-related preoperative operation simulation and training, intraoperative navigation tools in the operating room, and postoperative rehabilitation.
With the aim of reviewing the current status of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in hip-related surgery and summarizing its benefits, we discussed and briefly described the applicability, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of VR and AR techniques in hip-related surgery, such as preoperative operation simulation and training; explored the possible future applications of AR in the operating room; and discussed the bright prospects of VR and AR technologies in postoperative rehabilitation after hip surgery.
We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the following key search terms: ("virtual reality" OR "augmented reality") AND ("pelvis" OR "hip"). The literature on basic and clinical research related to the aforementioned key search terms, that is, studies evaluating the key factors, challenges, or problems of using of VAR technology in hip-related surgery, was collected.
A total of 40 studies and reports were included and classified into the following categories: total hip arthroplasty, hip resurfacing, femoral neck fracture, pelvic fracture, acetabular fracture, tumor, arthroscopy, and postoperative rehabilitation. Quality assessment could be performed in 30 studies. Among the clinical studies, there were 16 case series with an average score of 89 out of 100 points (89%) and 1 case report that scored 81 (SD 10.11) out of 100 points (81%) according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Two cadaveric studies scored 85 of 100 points (85%) and 92 of 100 points (92%) according to the Quality Appraisal for Cadaveric Studies scale.
VR and AR technologies hold great promise for hip-related surgeries, especially for preoperative operation simulation and training, feasibility applications in the operating room, and postoperative rehabilitation, and have the potential to assist orthopedic surgeons in operating more accurately and safely. More comparative studies are necessary, including studies focusing on clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
虚拟现实（VAR）和增强现实（AR）代表了当前最先进的计算机和成像技术的结合，有可能成为许多外科领域的革命性技术。越来越多的研究人员已经开发并应用了与髋关节相关的手术中的 VAR，旨在利用这项技术减少髋关节手术相关的并发症，提高手术成功率，并降低手术风险。这些技术开始广泛应用于髋关节相关的术前手术模拟和培训、手术室中的术中导航工具以及术后康复。
为了回顾虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）在髋关节相关手术中的现状，并总结其益处，我们讨论并简要描述了 VR 和 AR 技术在髋关节相关手术中的适用性、优点、局限性和未来前景，例如术前手术模拟和培训；探讨了 AR 在手术室中的可能未来应用；并讨论了 VR 和 AR 技术在髋关节手术后康复中的光明前景。
我们使用以下关键搜索词在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行搜索：（“虚拟现实”或“增强现实”）和（“骨盆”或“臀部”）。收集了与上述关键搜索词相关的基础和临床研究文献，即评估使用 VAR 技术在髋关节相关手术中的关键因素、挑战或问题的研究。
共纳入 40 项研究和报告，并分为以下几类：全髋关节置换术、髋关节表面置换术、股骨颈骨折、骨盆骨折、髋臼骨折、肿瘤、关节镜检查和术后康复。可对 30 项研究进行质量评估。在临床研究中，有 16 项病例系列研究平均得分为 100 分中的 89 分（89%），1 项病例报告得分为 100 分中的 81 分（SD 10.11）（81%），根据 Joanna Briggs 研究所批判性评估清单。两项尸体研究分别根据尸体研究质量评估量表得分为 100 分中的 85 分（85%）和 92 分（92%）。
虚拟现实和增强现实技术为髋关节相关手术带来了巨大的希望，特别是在术前手术模拟和培训、可行性应用于手术室以及术后康复方面，有潜力帮助骨科医生更准确、更安全地进行手术。需要更多的对照研究，包括关注临床结果和成本效益的研究。
