School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
Department of Physics, Climate Research group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
J Community Health. 2023 Jun;48(3):467-479. doi: 10.1007/s10900-023-01188-7. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
The current outbreak of SARS-Cov-2, a virus responsible for COVID-19, has infected millions and caused a soaring death toll worldwide. Vaccination represents a powerful tool in our fight against the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Ecuador is one of the Latin American countries most impacted by COVID-19. Despite free COVID-19 vaccines, Ecuadorians still hesitate to get vaccinated. A multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze data from the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses. This study investigated socio-demographics, economic, and individual reasons associated with a person having "no intention" to receive COVID-19 vaccine across the study period of October 2021 to March 2022. The survey revealed an increase of unvaccinated people having no intention of COVID-19 vaccination from 57.4% (October-December 2021) to 72.9% (January-March 2022). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was dependent on factors like sex, age and ethnicity. Socio-economic characteristics and education level were not found to be statistically significant in lack of vaccine intention, but most vaccination hesitancy was due to distrust in the COVID-19 vaccine. People who believed that the vaccine could be unsafe because of possible side effects represented half of the surveyed participants, a proportion that barely diminished during the progress of the vaccination campaign across October-December 2021 (57.04%) and January-March 2022 (49.59%) periods. People who did not believe that the vaccine was effective enough increased from 11.47 to 18.46%. Misbeliefs about effectiveness and safety of vaccines should be considered in the implementation of public health initiatives of communication, education and intervention to improve vaccination campaigns.
当前，由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引发的 COVID-19 疫情已在全球范围内感染数百万人，并导致大量死亡。疫苗接种是我们对抗 SARS-CoV-2 传播的有力工具。厄瓜多尔是受 COVID-19 影响最严重的拉丁美洲国家之一。尽管 COVID-19 疫苗是免费的，但厄瓜多尔人仍然犹豫不决是否接种疫苗。本研究采用多元二项逻辑回归分析了厄瓜多尔国家统计和普查研究所的数据。该研究调查了与研究期间（2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 3 月）人们“不打算”接种 COVID-19 疫苗相关的社会人口统计学、经济和个人原因。调查显示，未接种疫苗且不打算接种 COVID-19 疫苗的人数从 2021 年 10 月至 12 月的 57.4%增加到 2022 年 1 月至 3 月的 72.9%。COVID-19 疫苗犹豫与性别、年龄和种族等因素有关。社会经济特征和教育水平与缺乏疫苗接种意愿没有统计学上的显著关系，但对 COVID-19 疫苗的不信任是导致大部分疫苗犹豫的主要原因。有一半的参与者认为疫苗可能因可能的副作用而不安全，在 2021 年 10 月至 12 月和 2022 年 1 月至 3 月的疫苗接种运动期间，这一比例几乎没有下降（分别为 57.04%和 49.59%）。认为疫苗不够有效的人数从 11.47%增加到 18.46%。应该考虑到对疫苗有效性和安全性的误解，以便在实施公共卫生宣传、教育和干预措施以改善疫苗接种运动时加以考虑。
