Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
Exp Mol Med. 2023 Jan;55(1):22-31. doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-00926-0. Epub 2023 Jan 19.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. It is a multifactorial disease highly influenced by environmental factors, which include radiation, smoking, diet, and infectious pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic regulators are frequently altered in GC, playing critical roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. While it is known that environmental factors cause widespread alterations in DNA methylation, promoting carcinogenesis, the chromatin- and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing recent discoveries addressing the roles of histone modifiers and noncoding RNAs and the mechanisms of their interactions in gastric tumorigenesis. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation would likely facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting specific epigenetic regulators in GC.
胃癌（GC）是世界上最常见和最致命的癌症之一。它是一种受环境因素影响很大的多因素疾病，包括辐射、吸烟、饮食和感染性病原体。越来越多的证据表明，表观遗传调节剂在 GC 中经常发生改变，在胃肿瘤发生中发挥着关键作用。表观遗传调控涉及 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA。虽然已知环境因素会导致 DNA 甲基化广泛改变，促进致癌作用，但胃肿瘤发生的染色质和非编码 RNA 介导的机制仍知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了最近关于组蛋白修饰物和非编码 RNA 的作用及其在胃肿瘤发生中的相互作用机制的发现。更好地了解表观遗传调控可能有助于开发针对 GC 中特定表观遗传调节剂的新型治疗方法。
