Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Dec 24;14(1):56. doi: 10.3390/genes14010056.
Antibiotic resistance (AR) represents a global concern for human health. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study addressing AR in , a traditional Swedish fermented herring, has been performed to date. The aim of the present research was to study the prevalence of (O), (S), (W), (K), and (M) genes encoding for resistance to tetracycline using quantitative PCR (qPCR) applied to ready-to-eat samples collected from three producers located in Sweden. The (M) gene was found in all the analyzed samples, and it was also the most abundant among the tested genes; moreover, (O) was the least frequently detected gene. As a general trend, all the analyzed samples showed a high occurrence of the target genes, with slight variations among the producers. A principal component analysis did not reveal any separation among the samples or producers. All the collected data allowed for a drawing of a first picture of the occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes in ready-to-eat samples. Since no differences among the samples manufactured by the different producers were observed, it is likely that the detected genes were homogeneously spread among the microbial species shared by the herrings used as raw materials. Moreover, it can be hypothesized that the presence of the detected genes was also the result of a selective pressure of the natural marine environment on the herrings' gut microbiota and, hence, on the pro-technological microorganisms responsible for the fermentation of . However, the contribution of the manufacturers to the contamination of the processed herrings cannot be excluded.
抗生素耐药性（AR）是全球人类健康关注的问题。据作者所知，目前尚无针对传统瑞典发酵鲱鱼中 AR 的研究。本研究旨在使用定量 PCR（qPCR）检测来自瑞典三个生产商的即食样品中编码对四环素耐药的 (O)、(S)、(W)、(K) 和 (M) 基因的流行情况。在分析的所有样本中均发现了 (M) 基因，并且它是测试基因中最丰富的基因；此外，(O) 是检测到的基因中最不常见的基因。一般来说，所有分析的样本都显示出目标基因的高发生率，生产者之间略有差异。主成分分析没有显示出样本或生产者之间的任何分离。所有收集的数据允许对即食 样品中四环素耐药基因的发生情况进行首次描绘。由于不同生产者生产的样本之间没有观察到差异，因此，所检测到的基因很可能均匀地分布在用作原料的鲱鱼中共享的微生物物种中。此外，可以假设所检测到的基因的存在也是自然海洋环境对鲱鱼肠道微生物群和发酵的促技术微生物的选择性压力的结果。然而，不能排除制造商对加工鲱鱼污染的贡献。
