Feng Cong, Song Xinjie, Chalamaiah Meram, Ren Xiaofeng, Wang Mingxing, Xu Baoguo
Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
Foods. 2023 Jan 5;12(2):256. doi: 10.3390/foods12020256.
Poor vitamin D status is a widespread problem regardless of age and sex, emphasizing the necessity of new food sources to improve vitamin D levels. Currently, approximately 60% of dietary vitamin D consumption occurs via fortified foods. Vitamin D insufficiency (50-90%) is widespread according to age and region, despite different levels of sunlight exposure. The food industry must identify more effective strategies to increase normal dietary vitamin D intake and improve overall health. Strategies for vitamin D fortification include bioaddition, wherein a vitamin D-rich food source is added to staple foods during processes. These bioadditive strategies expand the range of vitamin D-containing foods and appeal to different preferences, cultures, and economic statuses. In several countries, vitamin D deficiency places athletes at a high risk of disease susceptibility. Due to low sun exposure, athletes in countries with higher and lower levels of sunlight have similar risks of vitamin D deficiency. In this review, we summarize recent technical advances to promote vitamin D utilization by humans during sports activities and in relation to the normal practices of athletes.
无论年龄和性别，维生素D水平低下都是一个普遍存在的问题，这凸显了新的食物来源对于提高维生素D水平的必要性。目前，约60%的膳食维生素D摄入量来自强化食品。尽管阳光照射水平不同，但根据年龄和地区，维生素D不足（50-90%）的情况普遍存在。食品行业必须找到更有效的策略来增加正常膳食中维生素D的摄入量，并改善整体健康状况。维生素D强化策略包括生物添加，即在加工过程中将富含维生素D的食物来源添加到主食中。这些生物添加策略扩大了含维生素D食物的范围，并迎合了不同的偏好、文化和经济状况。在几个国家，维生素D缺乏使运动员面临较高的疾病易感性风险。由于阳光照射不足，阳光照射水平较高和较低国家的运动员患维生素D缺乏症的风险相似。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近期的技术进展，以促进人类在体育活动期间以及与运动员的常规做法相关的维生素D利用。
