Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Napoli, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 23;19(3):1249. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031249.
Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as muscle injuries, oxidative stress, and heart pathologies, and a decrease in physical performance during competition. Moreover, in sports activities, the replenishment of water, vitamins, and minerals consumed during training is essential for safeguarding athletes' health. In this scenario, vitamins play a pivotal role in numerous metabolic reactions and some muscle biochemical adaptation processes induced by sports activity. Vitamins are introduced to the diet because the human body is unable to produce these micronutrients. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental role of vitamin supplementation in physical activity. Above all, we focus on the roles of vitamins A, B6, D, E, and K in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, muscle injuries, and regulation of the microbiome.
体育锻炼与充足的营养相结合被认为是预防心血管疾病、肌肉骨骼疾病和肠道菌群失调的保护因素。要达到最佳表现，需要大量的能量消耗，必须正确供应这些能量，以避免肌肉损伤、氧化应激、心脏病变等疾病的发生，并防止在比赛中身体机能下降。此外，在体育活动中，补充训练中消耗的水、维生素和矿物质对于保护运动员的健康至关重要。在这种情况下，维生素在许多代谢反应和一些由体育活动引起的肌肉生化适应过程中起着关键作用。由于人体无法产生这些微量营养素，因此需要将维生素添加到饮食中。本文旨在强调维生素补充在体育活动中的基本作用。首先，我们重点介绍维生素 A、B6、D、E 和 K 在预防和治疗心血管疾病、肌肉损伤以及调节微生物组中的作用。
