Guzman-Esquivel Jose, Mendoza-Hernandez Martha A, Guzman-Solorzano Hannah P, Sarmiento-Hernandez Karla A, Rodriguez-Sanchez Iram P, Martinez-Fierro Margarita L, Paz-Michel Brenda A, Murillo-Zamora Efren, Rojas-Larios Fabian, Lugo-Trampe Angel, Plata-Florenzano Jorge E, Delgado-Machuca Marina, Delgado-Enciso Ivan
School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security Institute, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jan 9;11(2):197. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11020197.
Risk factors for developing long COVID are not clearly established. The present study was designed to determine if any sign, symptom, or treatment of the acute phase, or personal characteristics of the patient, is associated with the development of long COVID.
A cohort study was carried out, randomly selecting symptomatic COVID-19 patients and not vaccinated. The severity of the acute illness was assessed through the number of compatible COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalizations, and the symptom severity score using a 10-point visual analog scale.
After multivariate analysis, a severity score ≥8 (RR 2.0, 95%CI 1.1-3.5, = 0.022), hospitalization (RR 2.1, 95%CI 1.0-4.4, = 0.039), myalgia (RR 1.9, 95%CI 1.08-3.6, = 0.027), tachycardia (RR 10.4, 95%CI 2.2-47.7, = 0.003), and use of antibiotics (RR 2.0, 95%CI 1.1-3.5, = 0.022), was positively associated with the risk of having long COVID. Higher levels of education (RR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4-0.9, = 0.029) and type positive B blood group (B + AB, RR 0.44, 95%CI 0.2-0.9, = 0.044) were protective factors. The most important population attributable fractions (PAFs) for long COVID were myalgia (37%), severity score ≥8 (31%), and use of antibiotics (27%).
Further studies in diverse populations over time are needed to expand the knowledge that could lead us to prevent and/or treat long COVID.
长期新冠的风险因素尚未明确确立。本研究旨在确定急性期的任何体征、症状、治疗方法或患者的个人特征是否与长期新冠的发生有关。
进行了一项队列研究，随机选择有症状的未接种新冠疫苗的患者。通过符合新冠症状的数量、住院情况以及使用10分视觉模拟量表的症状严重程度评分来评估急性疾病的严重程度。
多因素分析后，严重程度评分≥8（相对危险度2.0，95%置信区间1.1 - 3.5，P = 0.022）、住院（相对危险度2.1，95%置信区间1.0 - 4.4，P = 0.039）、肌痛（相对危险度1.9，95%置信区间1.08 - 3.6，P = 0.027）、心动过速（相对危险度10.4，95%置信区间2.2 - 47.7，P = 0.003）以及使用抗生素（相对危险度2.0，95%置信区间1.1 - 3.5，P = 0.022）与长期新冠的风险呈正相关。较高的教育水平（相对危险度0.6，95%置信区间0.4 - 0.9，P = 0.029）和B型阳性血型（B + AB，相对危险度0.44，95%置信区间0.2 - 0.9，P = 0.044）是保护因素。长期新冠最重要的人群归因分数（PAF）是肌痛（37%）、严重程度评分≥8（31%）和使用抗生素（27%）。
需要随着时间推移在不同人群中进行进一步研究，以扩展相关知识，从而使我们能够预防和/或治疗长期新冠。
