Kinesiotherapy and Manual Therapeutic Resources Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-560, Brazil.
Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Hochschule Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 14;20(2):1558. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021558.
Excessive masticatory muscle activity is generally present in awake bruxism, which is related to increased anxiety and stress. It has been hypothesized that biofeedback could potentially manage awake bruxism, however, its effectiveness has not been empirically analyzed in a systematic manner. Therefore, this systematic review was designed to determine the effectiveness of biofeedback compared to other therapies in adults with awake bruxism. Extensive searches in five databases looking for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included biofeedback to manage awake bruxism were targeted. The risk of bias (RoB) assessment was conducted using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool. Overall, four studies were included in this systematic review, all of which used the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles during the day and night as the main endpoint. Auditory and visual biofeedback could reduce the excessive level of masticatory muscle activity in a few days of intervention. The majority of the included studies had a high RoB and only one study had a low RoB. The standardization of the biofeedback protocols was also inconsistent, which makes it difficult to establish the ideal protocol for the use of biofeedback in awake bruxism. Thus, it is proposed that future studies seek to reduce methodological risks and obtain more robust samples.
过度的咀嚼肌活动通常存在于清醒磨牙症中，这与焦虑和压力增加有关。有人假设生物反馈可能潜在地管理清醒磨牙症，但它的有效性尚未以系统的方式进行实证分析。因此，本系统评价旨在确定生物反馈与其他疗法在成人清醒磨牙症中的疗效。在五个数据库中进行了广泛的搜索，以寻找包括生物反馈来管理清醒磨牙症的随机对照试验（RCT）。使用 Cochrane RoB-2 工具进行了偏倚风险（RoB）评估。总的来说，本系统评价纳入了四项研究，所有研究均将白天和夜间咀嚼肌的肌电图活动作为主要终点。听觉和视觉生物反馈可以在几天的干预内降低咀嚼肌活动的过度水平。大多数纳入的研究存在高偏倚风险，只有一项研究存在低偏倚风险。生物反馈方案的标准化也不一致，这使得难以建立用于清醒磨牙症的生物反馈的理想方案。因此，建议未来的研究寻求降低方法学风险并获得更稳健的样本。
