Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 4;24(2):965. doi: 10.3390/ijms24020965.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-secreted particles that carry cargo of functional biomolecules crucial for cell-to-cell communication with both physiological and pathophysiological consequences. In this review, we focus on evidence demonstrating that the EV-mediated crosstalk between melanoma cells within tumor, between melanoma cells and immune and stromal cells, promotes immune evasion and influences all steps of melanoma development from local progression, pre-metastatic niche formation, to metastatic colonization of distant organs. We also discuss the role of EVs in the development of resistance to immunotherapy and therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors, and shortly summarize the recent advances on the potential applications of EVs in melanoma diagnostics and therapy.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一组异质性的细胞分泌颗粒，携带对细胞间通讯至关重要的功能生物分子的货物，具有生理和病理生理后果。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了证据表明，肿瘤内黑素瘤细胞之间、黑素瘤细胞与免疫细胞和基质细胞之间通过 EV 介导的串扰，促进了免疫逃逸，并影响了黑色素瘤发展的所有步骤，从局部进展、前转移龛形成到远处器官的转移定植。我们还讨论了 EV 在对免疫治疗和 BRAF/MEK 抑制剂治疗产生耐药性中的作用，并简要总结了 EV 在黑色素瘤诊断和治疗中的潜在应用的最新进展。
