Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 8;24(2):1232. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021232.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Both viruses lead to widespread infection and death. SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus are RNA viruses. The SARS-CoV-2 genome is an approximately 30 kb, positive sense, 5' capped single-stranded RNA molecule. The influenza A virus genome possesses eight single-stranded negative-sense segments. The RNA secondary structure in the untranslated and coding regions is crucial in the viral replication cycle. The secondary structure within the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus has been intensively studied. Because the whole of the SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus replication cycles are dependent on RNA with no DNA intermediate, the RNA is a natural and promising target for the development of inhibitors. There are a lot of RNA-targeting strategies for regulating pathogenic RNA, such as small interfering RNA for RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides, catalytic nucleic acids, and small molecules. In this review, we summarized the knowledge about the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus propagation by targeting their RNA secondary structure.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）是导致 COVID-19 大流行的罪魁祸首，而甲型流感病毒（IAV）则导致季节性流行和偶尔的大流行。这两种病毒都会导致广泛的感染和死亡。SARS-CoV-2 和流感病毒都是 RNA 病毒。SARS-CoV-2 的基因组约为 30kb，是一条正链、5'加帽的单链 RNA 分子。甲型流感病毒的基因组有 8 个单链负链节段。非翻译区和编码区的 RNA 二级结构对病毒复制周期至关重要。SARS-CoV-2 和流感病毒的 RNA 二级结构已经进行了深入研究。由于 SARS-CoV-2 和流感病毒的整个复制周期都依赖于没有 DNA 中间体的 RNA，因此 RNA 是开发抑制剂的天然且有前途的靶标。有许多针对致病 RNA 的 RNA 靶向策略，如用于 RNA 干扰的小干扰 RNA、反义寡核苷酸、催化核酸和小分子。在这篇综述中，我们总结了通过靶向 SARS-CoV-2 和流感 A 病毒 RNA 二级结构来抑制其复制的知识。
