Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 11;13(1):13105. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40463-4.
Since the emergence of COVID-19, several SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) variants have emerged and spread widely. These variants are produced through replication errors of the viral genome by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Seasonal epidemics of influenza are also known to occur because of new variants of influenza A virus (IAV), which are generated by the introduction of mutations by viral RdRp with low fidelity. Variants with different antigenicities appear because of mutations in envelope glycoproteins. In this study, we calculated and compared the mutation rates in genome replication of IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Average mutation rates per passage were 9.01 × 10 and 3.76 × 10 substitutions/site for IAV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 23.9-fold lower than that of IAV because of the proofreading activity of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp complex. Our data could be useful in establishing effective countermeasures against COVID-19.
自 COVID-19 出现以来，已经出现了几种广泛传播的 SARS-CoV-2（严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2）变体。这些变体是通过病毒 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶（RdRp）对病毒基因组的复制错误产生的。流感也会因为流感 A 病毒（IAV）的新变体而发生季节性流行，这些变体是由 RdRp 的低保真度引入突变产生的。由于包膜糖蛋白的突变，出现了具有不同抗原性的变体。在这项研究中，我们计算并比较了 IAV 和 SARS-CoV-2 基因组复制中的突变率。IAV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的每个传代的平均突变率分别为 9.01×10 和 3.76×10 个替换/位点。由于 SARS-CoV-2 RdRp 复合物的校对活性，SARS-CoV-2 的突变率比 IAV 低 23.9 倍。我们的数据可能有助于制定有效的 COVID-19 对策。
