de Macêdo Larissa Silva, de Pinho Samara Sousa, Silva Anna Jéssica Duarte, de Moura Ingrid Andrêssa, Espinoza Benigno Cristofer Flores, da Conceição Viana Invenção Maria, Novis Pedro Vinícius Silva, da Gama Marco Antonio Turiah Machado, do Nascimento Carvalho Matheus, Leal Lígia Rosa Sales, Cruz Bruna Isabel Santos, Bandeira Beatriz Mendonça Alves, Santos Vanessa Emanuelle Pereira, de Freitas Antonio Carlos
Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy - LEMTE; Department of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco; Pernambuco - Recife 50670-901, Brazil.
ADMET DMPK. 2024 Feb 15;12(2):299-317. doi: 10.5599/admet.2118. eCollection 2024.
The employment of yeasts for biomedical purposes has become increasingly frequent for the delivery of prophylactic and therapeutic products. Its structural components, such as β-glucans, mannan, and chitin, can be explored as immunostimulators that show safety and low toxicity. Besides, this system minimizes antigen degradation after administration, facilitating the delivery to the target cells.
This review sought to present molecules derived from yeast, called yeast shells (YS), and their applications as carrier vehicles for drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids for immunotherapy purposes. Furthermore, due to the diversity of information regarding the production and immunostimulation of these compounds, a survey of the protocols and immune response profiles generated was presented.
The use of YS has allowed the development of strategies that combine efficiency and effectiveness in antigen delivery. The capsular structure can be recognized and phagocytized by dendritic cells and macrophages. In addition, the combination with different molecules, such as nanoparticles or even additional adjuvants, improves the cargo loading, enhancing the system. Activation by specific immune pathways can also be achieved by different administration routes.
Yeast derivatives combined in different ways can increase immunostimulation, enhancing the delivery of medicines and vaccine antigens. These aspects, combined with the simplicity of the production steps, make these strategies more accessible to be applied in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
酵母在生物医学领域用于递送预防性和治疗性产品的应用日益频繁。其结构成分，如β-葡聚糖、甘露聚糖和几丁质，可作为免疫刺激剂进行探索，这些免疫刺激剂具有安全性和低毒性。此外，该系统可将给药后抗原的降解降至最低，便于将其递送至靶细胞。
本综述旨在介绍源自酵母的分子，即酵母壳（YS），及其作为药物、蛋白质和核酸的载体用于免疫治疗的应用。此外，由于关于这些化合物的生产和免疫刺激的信息多样，本文还展示了所产生的方案和免疫反应谱的调查。
使用酵母壳已促成了在抗原递送方面兼具效率和效果的策略的发展。其荚膜结构可被树突状细胞和巨噬细胞识别并吞噬。此外，与不同分子，如纳米颗粒甚至额外的佐剂相结合，可改善货物装载，增强该系统。通过不同的给药途径也可实现特定免疫途径的激活。
以不同方式组合的酵母衍生物可增强免疫刺激，提高药物和疫苗抗原的递送效果。这些方面，再加上生产步骤的简便性，使得这些策略更易于应用于各种疾病的预防和治疗。
