Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 13;24(2):1580. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021580.
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic and insidious auto-immune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands. The patients typically present with ocular surface diseases related to dry eye and other systemic manifestations. However, due to the high prevalence of dry eye disease and the lack of objective and clinically reliable diagnostic tools, discriminating Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) from non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (NSSDE) remains a challenge for clinicians. Diagnosing SS is important to improve the quality of life of patients through timely referral for systemic workups, as SS is associated with serious systemic complications such as lymphoma and other autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this article is to describe the current molecular understanding of Sjögren's syndrome and its implications for novel diagnostic modalities on the horizon. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2016 and 2022 was conducted. The SSDE pathophysiology and immunology pathways have become better understood in recent years. Novel diagnostic modalities, such as tear and saliva proteomics as well as exosomal biomarkers, provide hope on the horizon.
干燥综合征是一种慢性隐匿性自身免疫性疾病，其特征为外分泌腺淋巴细胞浸润。患者通常表现为与干眼症相关的眼表疾病和其他全身表现。然而，由于干眼症的高患病率和缺乏客观及临床上可靠的诊断工具，区分干燥综合征性干眼症（SSDE）和非干燥综合征性干眼症（NSSDE）仍然是临床医生面临的挑战。诊断 SS 很重要，可通过及时进行系统检查来提高患者的生活质量，因为 SS 与严重的全身并发症有关，如淋巴瘤和其他自身免疫性疾病。本文旨在描述干燥综合征的当前分子认识及其对新兴诊断模式的影响。对 2016 年至 2022 年发表的临床前和临床研究进行了文献回顾。近年来，SSDE 的病理生理学和免疫学途径得到了更好的理解。新型诊断模式，如泪液和唾液蛋白质组学以及外泌体生物标志物，为未来带来了希望。
