Ninkuu Vincent, Yan Jianpei, Fu Zenchao, Yang Tengfeng, Ziemah James, Ullrich Matthias S, Kuhnert Nikolai, Zeng Hongmei
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, College Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Dec 29;9(1):52. doi: 10.3390/jof9010052.
Fungi infections cause approximately 60-70% yield loss through diseases such as rice blast, powdery mildew, Fusarium rot, downy mildew, etc. Plants naturally respond to these infections by eliciting an array of protective metabolites to confer physical or chemical protection. Among plant metabolites, lignin, a phenolic compound, thickens the middle lamella and the secondary cell walls of plants to curtail fungi infection. The biosynthesis of monolignols (lignin monomers) is regulated by genes whose transcript abundance significantly improves plant defense against fungi. The catalytic activities of lignin biosynthetic enzymes also contribute to the accumulation of other defense compounds. Recent advances focus on modifying the lignin pathway to enhance plant growth and defense against pathogens. This review presents an overview of monolignol regulatory genes and their contributions to fungi immunity, as reported over the last five years. This review expands the frontiers in lignin pathway engineering to enhance plant defense.
真菌感染通过稻瘟病、白粉病、镰刀菌腐烂病、霜霉病等疾病导致约60%-70%的产量损失。植物通过产生一系列保护性代谢产物来赋予物理或化学保护，从而对这些感染做出自然反应。在植物代谢产物中，木质素作为一种酚类化合物，会使植物的中层薄片和次生细胞壁变厚，以减少真菌感染。单木质醇（木质素单体）的生物合成受基因调控，这些基因的转录丰度能显著提高植物对真菌的防御能力。木质素生物合成酶的催化活性也有助于其他防御化合物的积累。最近的进展集中在修饰木质素途径以促进植物生长和抵御病原体。本综述概述了过去五年报道的单木质醇调控基因及其对真菌免疫的贡献。本综述拓展了木质素途径工程以增强植物防御的前沿领域。
