Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2023 Jan 4;28(2):487. doi: 10.3390/molecules28020487.
This study presents modeling and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of with the objective of evaluating its phytochemical properties. This one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) procedure was conducted to screen for optimization variables whose domains included extraction temperature (X), ultrasonic time (X), solvent concentration (X), and sample-to-liquid ratio (X). Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to establish optimum conditions for maximum antioxidant extraction. Modeling and optimization conditions of UAE at 37 kHz, X 32 °C for X 16 min and dissolved in an X 70% ethanol concentration at a X 1:10 ratio yielded scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) at 96% ± 1.48 and recorded values of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) at 803.456 ± 32.48 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g, and 102.972 ± 2.51 mg QE (quercetin equivalents)/g, respectively. The presence of high flavonoid compounds was verified using TWIMS-QTOFMS. Chromatic evaluation of phytochemicals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 14 phytocompounds widely documented to play significant roles in human health. This study provides a comparative evaluation with other studies and may be used for validation of the species' potential for its much-acclaimed medicinal and cosmeceutical uses.
本研究采用超声辅助提取（UAE）对进行建模和优化，旨在评估其植物化学成分。采用单因素实验（OFAT）筛选优化变量，其范围包括提取温度（X）、超声时间（X）、溶剂浓度（X）和样品与溶剂比（X）。采用响应面法（RSM）结合 Box-Behnken 设计（BBD）建立最大抗氧化提取的最佳条件模型。在 37 kHz、X 32°C 下进行 UAE 优化条件实验，X 16 min，溶解在 X 70%乙醇浓度中，X 1:10 的比例，对 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）的清除效果达到 96%±1.48，总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）分别为 803.456±32.48 mg GAE（没食子酸当量）/g 和 102.972±2.51 mg QE（槲皮素当量）/g。使用 TWIMS-QTOFMS 验证了高黄酮化合物的存在。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对植物化学成分进行比色评估，发现存在 14 种广泛报道在人类健康中发挥重要作用的植物化合物。本研究与其他研究进行了比较评估，可用于验证该物种在其备受赞誉的药用和化妆品用途方面的潜力。
