Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jan 11;23(2):837. doi: 10.3390/s23020837.
The study of the human microbiome is a multidisciplinary area ranging from the field of technology to that of personalized medicine. The possibility of using microbiota biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases (e.g., cancer), health conditions (e.g., obesity) or relevant processes (e.g., aging) has raised great expectations, also in the field of bioelectroanalytical chemistry. The well-known advantages of electrochemical biosensors-high sensitivity, fast response, and the possibility of miniaturization, together with the potential for new nanomaterials to improve their design and performance-position them as unique tools to provide a better understanding of the entities of the human microbiome and raise the prospect of huge and important developments in the coming years. This review article compiles recent applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors for monitoring microbial metabolites and disease biomarkers related to different types of human microbiome, with a special focus on the gastrointestinal microbiome. Examples of electrochemical devices applied to real samples are critically discussed, as well as challenges to be faced and where future developments are expected to go.
人类微生物组的研究是一个多学科领域，涵盖了从技术领域到个性化医学领域。利用微生物组生物标志物来改善疾病（例如癌症）、健康状况（例如肥胖）或相关过程（例如衰老）的诊断和监测的可能性，引起了人们的极大期望，这在生物电化学领域也是如此。电化学生物传感器具有高灵敏度、快速响应以及小型化的可能性等众所周知的优势，再加上新型纳米材料有可能改进其设计和性能，这使它们成为独特的工具，可以更好地了解人类微生物组的实体，并为未来几年带来巨大而重要的发展前景。本文综述了电化学（生物）传感器在监测与不同类型人类微生物组相关的微生物代谢物和疾病生物标志物方面的最新应用，特别关注胃肠道微生物组。本文批判性地讨论了应用于实际样品的电化学装置的实例，以及需要面对的挑战和未来的发展方向。
