Goeppner Scott R, Kirsch Danielle R, Ramos Katerina, Wells Allison, Luttbeg Barney
Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Oecologia. 2023 Feb;201(2):409-419. doi: 10.1007/s00442-022-05311-8. Epub 2023 Jan 22.
Individuals exposed to predation risk can produce offspring with altered phenotypes. Most work on predation-induced parental effects has focused on maternal effects or on generalized parental effects where both parents are exposed to risk. We conducted an experiment to measure and compare maternal and paternal effects on offspring phenotypes and test for interactions in those effects. We exposed 82 snails from 22 lines to control or predator cues and created line dyads with the four possible mating pairings of control and predator cue exposed individuals. We measured the resulting body masses, shell masses, shell shapes, and anti-predator behaviors of the offspring. We found some evidence that offspring were larger and heavier when the mother was exposed to predation cues, but that this effect was negated when the father was also exposed. The mass of offspring shells relative to their total mass was unaffected by parental treatments. Shell shape was marginally affected by maternal treatment, but not paternal treatment. Behavioral responses to cues were not affected by maternal or paternal treatments. Our results suggest potential conflict between male and female parental effects and highlight the importance of examining the interactions of maternal and paternal effects.
暴露于捕食风险下的个体能够产生具有改变表型的后代。大多数关于捕食诱导亲代效应的研究都集中在母体效应或双亲都暴露于风险下的广义亲代效应上。我们进行了一项实验，以测量和比较母体和父体对后代表型的影响，并测试这些效应中的相互作用。我们将来自22个品系的82只蜗牛暴露于对照或捕食者线索下，并创建了由对照和暴露于捕食者线索的个体的四种可能交配组合组成的品系二元组。我们测量了后代的体重、壳重、壳形和反捕食行为。我们发现一些证据表明，当母亲暴露于捕食线索时，后代更大更重，但当父亲也暴露时，这种效应就被抵消了。后代壳质量相对于其总质量不受亲代处理的影响。壳形受到母体处理的轻微影响，但不受父体处理的影响。对线索的行为反应不受母体或父体处理的影响。我们的结果表明，雄性和雌性亲代效应之间可能存在冲突，并突出了研究母体和父体效应相互作用的重要性。
