Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jan 4;13:1092837. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837. eCollection 2022.
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
细胞内氧化与抗氧化机制失衡即为氧化应激（OxS），其既可以是全身性的，也可以是器官特异性的。尽管 OxS 是正常机体和器官生理学的结果，但严重的氧化失衡会导致 DNA 羟化、蛋白质变性、脂质过氧化和细胞凋亡，最终损害细胞的功能和活力。甲状腺是一个同时具有氧化和抗氧化过程的器官。就 OxS 的严重程度而言，甲状腺的反应可能是生理性的（即激素的产生和分泌），也可能是病理性的（即疾病的发展，如甲状腺肿、甲状腺癌或甲状腺炎）。保护性营养抗氧化剂可能有利于防御性抗氧化系统解决促氧化优势和氧化还原失衡，预防或延迟慢性甲状腺疾病。本综述提供了有关营养抗氧化剂及其在各种甲状腺疾病中防止氧化还原失衡的保护作用的信息。我们还回顾了与甲状腺和肠道微生物组之间的联系有关的新发现，并分析了具有抗氧化特性的益生菌对甲状腺疾病的影响。
