Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
mSphere. 2023 Feb 21;8(1):e0046522. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00465-22. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
The humoral immune response plays a key role in protecting the population from SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 as well as fully vaccinated individuals have elevated levels of antibodies. The dynamic levels of the classes and subclasses of antibody responses to new variants that occur in different populations remain unclear. We prospectively recruited 60 participants, including COVID-19 patients and CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals, in Thailand from May to August 2021. Plasma samples were collected on day 0, day 14, and day 28 to determine the dynamic levels of the classes and subclasses of plasma antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein (S) of four SARS-CoV-2 strains (Wuhan, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results indicated that the patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections had broader class and subclass profiles as well as higher levels of anti-S RBD antibodies to the Wuhan, Alpha, and Delta strains than did the CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals. The median antibody levels increased and subsequently declined in a month in the COVID-19 patients and in the vaccinated group. Correlations of the classes and subclasses of antibodies were observed in the COVID-19 patients but not in the vaccinated individuals. The levels of all of the anti-S RBD antibodies against the Omicron variant were low in the patients and in the vaccinated individuals. Our study revealed distinct antibody profiles between the two cohorts, suggesting different pathways of immune activation. This could have an impact on protection from infections by new variants of concern (VOC). The antibody responses to new SARS-CoV-2 variants that occur in different populations remain unclear. In this study, we recruited 60 participants, including COVID-19 patients and CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals, in Thailand and determined the dynamic levels of the IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses of antibodies against the spike protein (S) of four SARS-CoV-2 strains. Our results showed that the patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections had broader profiles and higher levels of antibodies to the Wuhan, Alpha, and Delta strains than did the CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals. The antibody levels of both groups increased and subsequently decreased within 1 month. Higher and functional correlations of these antibodies were observed in the COVID-19 patients. The levels of all anti-S RBD antibodies against the Omicron variant were low in patients and vaccinated individuals. Our study revealed distinct antibody responses between the two groups, suggesting different pathways of immune response, which may have an impact on protection from infections by new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
体液免疫反应在保护人群免受 SARS-CoV-2 传播方面发挥着关键作用。从 COVID-19 中康复的患者以及完全接种疫苗的个体具有较高水平的抗体。不同人群中新型变异体的抗体类别和亚类的动态水平仍不清楚。我们前瞻性地招募了 60 名参与者，包括 COVID-19 患者和科兴疫苗接种者，于 2021 年 5 月至 8 月在泰国进行。采集血浆样本，通过酶联免疫吸附试验，在第 0、14 和 28 天分别检测针对四种 SARS-CoV-2 株（武汉、阿尔法、德尔塔和奥密克戎）的刺突蛋白（S）受体结合域（RBD）的血浆抗体的类别和亚类的动态水平。我们的结果表明，与科兴疫苗接种者相比，SARS-CoV-2 感染者具有更广泛的类别和亚类特征，以及针对武汉、阿尔法和德尔塔株的更高水平的抗 S-RBD 抗体。COVID-19 患者和接种组中，抗体水平在一个月内增加，随后下降。在 COVID-19 患者中观察到抗体类别和亚类之间的相关性，但在接种者中未观察到。针对奥密克戎变异体的所有抗 S-RBD 抗体水平在患者和接种者中均较低。本研究揭示了两组之间不同的抗体特征，提示了不同的免疫激活途径。这可能对预防新的关注变异体（VOC）感染产生影响。不同人群中针对新出现的 SARS-CoV-2 变异体的抗体反应仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们在泰国招募了 60 名参与者，包括 COVID-19 患者和科兴疫苗接种者，并确定了针对四种 SARS-CoV-2 株的 spike 蛋白（S）的 IgG、IgA、IgM 和 IgG 亚类抗体的动态水平。我们的结果表明，与科兴疫苗接种者相比，SARS-CoV-2 感染者具有更广泛的特征和更高水平的针对武汉、阿尔法和德尔塔株的抗体。两组的抗体水平在 1 个月内增加，随后下降。在 COVID-19 患者中观察到这些抗体的更高和功能相关性。针对奥密克戎变异体的所有抗 S-RBD 抗体水平在患者和接种者中均较低。我们的研究揭示了两组之间不同的抗体反应，表明免疫反应的不同途径，这可能对预防新的 SARS-CoV-2 变异体感染产生影响。
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