[Biodiversity loss, first step for viral emergences].

Today, the emergence of zoonoses is one of the biggest concerns for human health. With the recent examples of the Ebola virus, avian flus or coronaviruses, this threat is intensifying and raising fears of pandemics of the same magnitude as Covid-19. In this article, we review the state of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in these emergences, especially the impact of human activities on ecosystems, the intensive breeding of domestic animals or wildlife trade. We conclude on the importance of adopting a real integrated "One Health" approach in order to implement solutions at the beginning of this process of emergence and thus prevent new catastrophes.