Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Department of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland.
3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Students' Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2023 Jan 25;18(1):e0280897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280897. eCollection 2023.
In recent years, numerous prognostic models have been developed to predict VO2max. Nevertheless, their accuracy in endurance athletes (EA) stays mostly unvalidated. This study aimed to compare predicted VO2max (pVO2max) with directly measured VO2max by assessing the transferability of the currently available prediction models based on their R2, calibration-in-the-large, and calibration slope. 5,260 healthy adult EA underwent a maximal exertion cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) (84.76% male; age 34.6±9.5 yrs.; VO2max 52.97±7.39 mL·min-1·kg-1, BMI 23.59±2.73 kg·m-2). 13 models have been selected to establish pVO2max. Participants were classified into four endurance subgroups (high-, recreational-, low- trained, and "transition") and four age subgroups (18-30, 31-45, 46-60, and ≥61 yrs.). Validation was performed according to TRIPOD guidelines. pVO2max was low-to-moderately associated with direct CPET measurements (p>0.05). Models with the highest accuracy were for males on a cycle ergometer (CE) (Kokkinos R2 = 0.64), females on CE (Kokkinos R2 = 0.65), males on a treadmill (TE) (Wasserman R2 = 0.26), females on TE (Wasserman R2 = 0.30). However, selected models underestimated pVO2max for younger and higher trained EA and overestimated for older and lower trained EA. All equations demonstrated merely moderate accuracy and should only be used as a supplemental method for physicians to estimate CRF in EA. It is necessary to derive new models on EA populations to include routinely in clinical practice and sports diagnostic.
近年来，已经开发出许多用于预测 VO2max 的预后模型。然而，它们在耐力运动员（EA）中的准确性大多未经验证。本研究旨在通过评估基于 R2、大校准和校准斜率的现有预测模型的可转移性，比较预测的 VO2max（pVO2max）与直接测量的 VO2max。5260 名健康成年 EA 接受了最大努力心肺运动测试（CPET）（84.76%男性；年龄 34.6±9.5 岁；VO2max52.97±7.39mL·min-1·kg-1，BMI23.59±2.73kg·m-2）。选择了 13 种模型来建立 pVO2max。参与者被分为四个耐力亚组（高、娱乐、低训练和“过渡”）和四个年龄亚组（18-30、31-45、46-60 和≥61 岁）。验证根据 TRIPOD 指南进行。pVO2max 与直接 CPET 测量结果低度到中度相关（p>0.05）。准确性最高的模型是男性在自行车测力计上（Kokkinos R2=0.64）、女性在自行车测力计上（Kokkinos R2=0.65）、男性在跑步机上（Wasserman R2=0.26）、女性在跑步机上（Wasserman R2=0.30）。然而，选定的模型低估了年轻和高训练 EA 的 pVO2max，高估了年龄较大和低训练 EA 的 pVO2max。所有方程仅显示出中等的准确性，只能作为医生估计 EA 中 CRF 的补充方法。有必要在 EA 人群中开发新模型，以便常规纳入临床实践和运动诊断。
