Juharji Hanaa, Albalawi Khalid, Aldwaighri Mohammed, Almalki Ahmed, Alshiti Hisham, Kattan Wahhaj, Alqarni Mohammed, Alsulaimani Sulaiman, AlShaikh Tuqa, Alsulaimani Feras
Family Medicine, Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Jeddah, SAU.
College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Dec 24;14(12):e32894. doi: 10.7759/cureus.32894. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Infancy has been proven as the best time to improve health outcomes for the later stage of life. The composition of human breast milk has evolved over millennia to support and maintain the infant's life during the early years of life. To achieve life-sustaining effects, human breast milk is packed with fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and a wide range of bioactive compounds such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and cytokines. The immunological compounds in breast milk have been shown to curtail gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections, hospital admissions, acute otitis media, allergic reactions, and urinary tract infections. Although breastfeeding causes newborns to gain less weight at the beginning of their lives than formula milk does, breast milk improves body composition by low adiposity. A higher adipose deposition in infants is linked with an increased risk of child obesity in the future. Due to significant health benefits, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends initiating breastfeeding within one hour after birth and continuing for at least six months. Breastfeeding has emerged as a superior source of nutrition that can promote healthy physiological and cognitive development and protect against disease challenges in low birthweight infants. This review summarizes potential evidence that highlights the potential health impact of breast milk in low birthweight infants.
婴儿期已被证明是改善生命后期健康状况的最佳时期。数千年来，人类母乳的成分不断演变，以在生命早期支持和维持婴儿的生命。为实现维持生命的作用，人类母乳富含脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物以及多种生物活性化合物，如免疫球蛋白、乳铁蛋白和细胞因子。母乳中的免疫化合物已被证明可减少胃肠道感染、呼吸道感染、住院、急性中耳炎、过敏反应和尿路感染。尽管母乳喂养的新生儿在生命开始时比配方奶喂养的新生儿体重增加得少，但母乳通过低脂肪含量改善了身体成分。婴儿体内较高的脂肪沉积与未来儿童肥胖风险增加有关。由于具有显著的健康益处，世界卫生组织（WHO）建议在出生后一小时内开始母乳喂养，并持续至少六个月。母乳喂养已成为一种优质的营养来源，可促进低体重婴儿的健康生理和认知发育，并抵御疾病挑战。本综述总结了一些潜在证据，这些证据突出了母乳对低体重婴儿潜在的健康影响。
