Baby Health Behavior Lab, Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
J Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;151(6):1572-1580. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab044.
Formulas often contain high amounts of added sugars, though little research has studied their connection to obesity.
This study assessed the contribution of added sugars from formulas during complementary feeding on total added sugar intakes, and the association between these sugars and upward weight-for-age percentile (WFA%) crossing (i.e., participants crossing a higher threshold percentile were considered to have an upward crossing).
Data from three 24-hour dietary recalls for infants (n = 97; 9-12 months) and toddlers (n = 44; 13-15 months) were obtained in this cross-sectional analysis. Foods and beverages with added sugars were divided into 17 categories. Pearson's correlations were used to test relations between added sugar intake and upward WFA% crossing, followed by multivariable regressions when significant. ANOVA compared intakes of all, milk-based, and table foods between primarily formula-fed compared with breastfed participants. Multivariable regressions were used to test effects of added sugars and protein from all foods compared with added sugars and protein from milk-based sources on upward WFA% crossing.
Added sugars from formulas comprised 66% and 7% of added sugars consumed daily by infants and toddlers, respectively. A significant association was observed between upward WFA% crossing and added sugars from milk-based sources after controlling for gestational age, sex, age, introduction to solid foods, mean energy intakes, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and education (β = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.000-0.007; P = 0.046). Primarily formula-fed participants consumed nearly twice the energy from added sugars (P = 0.003) and gained weight faster (upward WFA% crossing = 1.1 ± 1.2 compared with 0.3 ± 0.6, respectively; P < 0.001) than their breastfed counterparts.
Added sugars in formulas predict rapid weight gain in infants and toddlers. Educating mothers on lower-sugar options may enhance childhood obesity prevention.
配方奶通常含有大量添加糖，但很少有研究探讨其与肥胖的关系。
本研究评估了在补充喂养期间配方奶中添加糖对总添加糖摄入量的贡献，以及这些糖与体重年龄百分位数（WFA%）上升（即，参与者跨越更高的阈值百分位数被认为有上升跨越）之间的关联。
本横断面分析中使用了三个 24 小时膳食回忆数据，包括 97 名婴儿（9-12 个月）和 44 名幼儿（13-15 个月）。添加糖的食物和饮料被分为 17 类。使用 Pearson 相关系数检验添加糖摄入量与 WFA%上升的关系，在显著时进行多变量回归分析。ANOVA 比较了主要配方奶喂养和母乳喂养参与者之间所有、基于牛奶和餐桌食物的摄入量。使用多变量回归分析比较了所有食物中的添加糖和蛋白质与基于牛奶的来源中的添加糖和蛋白质对 WFA%上升的影响。
配方奶中的添加糖分别占婴儿和幼儿每日添加糖摄入量的 66%和 7%。在控制胎龄、性别、年龄、固体食物引入、平均能量摄入量以及母亲孕前 BMI 和教育程度后，观察到 WFA%上升与基于牛奶的来源中的添加糖之间存在显著关联（β=0.003；95%CI，0.000-0.007；P=0.046）。主要配方奶喂养的参与者消耗的添加糖能量几乎是母乳喂养的两倍（P=0.003），体重增加速度更快（WFA%上升=1.1±1.2 与 0.3±0.6 相比，分别；P<0.001）。
配方奶中的添加糖可预测婴儿和幼儿体重的快速增长。向母亲传授低糖选择可能有助于预防儿童肥胖。
