Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 21;12(4):1155. doi: 10.3390/nu12041155.
Preterm infants may show a higher risk of adverse health outcomes, such as the development of metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. The most recent evidence highlights that nutrition, body composition development, and early postnatal growth may play a role in the programming of these processes. Human milk feeding has been recommended as the natural feeding for preterm infants and as a cost-effective strategy for reducing disease and economic burden. Considering that the postnatal growth retardation and aberrant body composition shown by preterm infants at the time of hospital discharge still remain important issues, we performed a literature review, aiming to provide an update about the effect of human milk feeding on these processes. On the basis of our findings, human milk feeding in preterm infants, although related to a slower weight gain than formula feeding, is associated with a better recovery of body composition through the promotion of fat-free mass deposition, which may ultimately lead to better metabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Promotion and support of human milk feeding should be considered a priority in preterm infants' care.
早产儿可能面临更高的健康问题风险，如代谢综合征和认知障碍的发展。最近的证据强调，营养、身体成分发育和早期产后生长可能在这些过程的编程中发挥作用。母乳喂养已被推荐为早产儿的天然喂养方式，也是降低疾病和经济负担的一种具有成本效益的策略。考虑到早产儿在出院时的生长迟缓以及异常的身体成分仍然是重要问题，我们进行了文献回顾，旨在提供有关母乳喂养对这些过程影响的最新信息。基于我们的研究结果，尽管与配方奶喂养相比，早产儿母乳喂养的体重增加较慢，但它通过促进去脂体重的沉积与更好的身体成分恢复相关，这可能最终导致更好的代谢和神经发育结果。促进和支持母乳喂养应被视为早产儿护理的优先事项。
