Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 14;11(1):e0295522. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02955-22. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
The maternal gut microbiome affects the duration of pregnancy, delivery, and lactation. It also coordinates the stability of maternal metabolism by regulating and modulating inflammatory cytokines and reproductive hormones. This has been shown in several species; however, the situation in ruminants remains a black box. Here, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between the hindgut microbiota, metabolism, and reproductive hormones in domestic goats (Capra hircus) during nonpregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation stages. The hindgut microbiota was altered during these three stages, with a drastic decrease in the abundance of in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Additionally, a decline in the abundance of and was observed from the nonpregnancy stage to late gestation. and were strongly correlated with decreased fecal estradiol and progesterone. Furthermore, we generated a metabolome atlas of the gut and serum from nonpregnancy to lactation to reveal the specific metabolic fingerprints of each physiological stage. Several specific gut metabolites, including carnitine C8:1, γ-aminobutyric acid, and indole-3-carboxylic acid, were negatively correlated with the fecal and serum estradiol concentrations. In contrast, 2'-deoxyinosine, deoxyadenosine, and 5'-deoxyadenosine were positively correlated with the fecal and serum estradiol concentrations. The levels of 2'-deoxyinosine, deoxyadenosine, and 5'-deoxyadenosine in fecal samples were positively correlated with . Other serum metabolites, such as (±)12-HEPE (hydroxy eicosapentaenoic acid), (±)15-HEPE, (±)18-HEPE, cytidine, uracil, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, were negatively correlated with the serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. Finally, and in the fecal samples were positively correlated with the abundance of 11,12-EET (epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid), (±)18-HEPE, (±)15-HEPE, and (±)12-HEPE in the serum. Our findings revealed that the activity of and is strongly correlated with the beneficial regulation of physiological hormones and metabolic changes during pregnancy and lactation. These findings are key for guiding targeted microbial therapeutic approaches to modulate microbiomes in gestating and lactating mammals.
母体肠道微生物群会影响妊娠、分娩和哺乳的持续时间。它还通过调节和调制炎症细胞因子和生殖激素来协调母体代谢的稳定性。这在几种物种中都有体现；然而，反刍动物的情况仍然是一个黑匣子。在这里，我们旨在阐明在非妊娠、妊娠和哺乳期家山羊（Capra hircus）的后肠微生物群、代谢和生殖激素之间的关系。在后肠微生物群在这三个阶段发生了改变，在妊娠的第二和第三个三个月中，丰度急剧下降。此外，从非妊娠阶段到妊娠晚期，丰度下降。和与粪便雌二醇和孕酮的减少呈强烈正相关。此外，我们生成了从非妊娠到哺乳期的肠道和血清代谢组图谱，以揭示每个生理阶段的特定代谢特征。几种特定的肠道代谢物，包括肉碱 C8:1、γ-氨基丁酸和吲哚-3-羧酸，与粪便和血清雌二醇浓度呈负相关。相反，2'-脱氧肌苷、脱氧腺苷和 5'-脱氧腺苷与粪便和血清雌二醇浓度呈正相关。粪便样本中 2'-脱氧肌苷、脱氧腺苷和 5'-脱氧腺苷的水平与呈正相关。其他血清代谢物，如（±）12-HEPE（羟基二十碳五烯酸）、（±）15-HEPE、（±）18-HEPE、胞苷、尿嘧啶和 5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸，与雌二醇和孕酮的血清浓度呈负相关。最后，粪便样本中的和与血清中 11,12-EET（环氧二十碳三烯酸）、（±）18-HEPE、（±）15-HEPE 和（±）12-HEPE 的丰度呈正相关。我们的发现表明，和的活性与妊娠和哺乳期生理激素的有益调节以及代谢变化密切相关。这些发现对于指导靶向微生物治疗方法调节妊娠和哺乳期哺乳动物的微生物群至关重要。
