Liu Lingmei, Zhang Daliang, Zhu Yihan, Han Yu
Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
Multiscale Porous Materials Centre, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
Commun Chem. 2020 Aug 6;3(1):99. doi: 10.1038/s42004-020-00361-6.
The periodic bulk structures of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be solved by diffraction-based techniques; however, their non-periodic local structures-such as crystal surfaces, grain boundaries, defects, and guest molecules-have long been elusive due to a lack of suitable characterization tools. Recent advances in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has made it possible to probe the local structures of MOFs at atomic resolution. In this article, we discuss why high-resolution (S)TEM of MOFs is challenging and how the new low-dose techniques overcome this challenge, and we review various MOF structural features observed by (S)TEM and important insights gained from these observations. Our discussions focus on real-space imaging, excluding other TEM-related characterization techniques (e.g. electron diffraction and spectroscopy).
金属有机框架（MOF）的周期性体相结构可以通过基于衍射的技术来解析；然而，由于缺乏合适的表征工具，它们的非周期性局部结构——如晶体表面、晶界、缺陷和客体分子——长期以来一直难以捉摸。（扫描）透射电子显微镜（（S）TEM）的最新进展使得以原子分辨率探测MOF的局部结构成为可能。在本文中，我们讨论了为什么MOF的高分辨率（S）TEM具有挑战性，以及新的低剂量技术如何克服这一挑战，并且我们回顾了通过（S）TEM观察到的各种MOF结构特征以及从这些观察中获得的重要见解。我们的讨论集中在实空间成像，不包括其他与TEM相关的表征技术（如电子衍射和光谱学）。
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